SS =—о TT 
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MERULA RUFICOLLIS (Pall.). 
RED-THROATED OUZEL. 
Turdus ruficollis, Pall. Reis. Russ. Reichs, iii. p. 694 (1776); Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 197 
(1873); Таса. Faun. Orn. Sibir. Orient. p. 300 (1891). 
Red-necked Thrush, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. p. 31 (1783), 
Turdus erythrurus, Hodges. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres, pl. 149, по. 200, pl. 1494, 
no. 720; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 83 (1840). 
Planesticus ruficollis, Bp. Cat. Parzudaki Coll. p. 5 (1856). 
Turdus ruficollis (nec Pall.), Finsch, Ibis, 1877, p. 50. 
Merula ruficollis, Seebohm, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. v. p. 269 (1881); Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., 
Birds, ii. p. 130 (1890). 
Turdus naumanni (пес Temm.), Oust. Ann. Sci. Nat. (7) xii. p. 301 (1892). 
М. rostro fusco, mandibulá flavá: сапай го: supercilio, facie laterali, gutture toto et præpectore rufis: corpore 
reliquo subtüs albo, hypochondriis раде cineraceis. 
IN the adult plumage this species is easily recognized by its rufous throat and chest and by the 
ashy-grey sides of the body; in this latter character it resembles T. atrigularis, with which it 
associates on migration and with which it frequently mates. 
It is a common species in Eastern Siberia, where it nests on the mountains, in the forests 
of Cembra pines, according to Taczanowski (Faun. Orn. Sibir. Orient. p. 303). It winters in 
China, as well as in Central Asia and the Himalayas, passing through Mongolia on migration. 
Taczanowski gives the following note by Mr. Godlewski :—“ Very common during the spring 
. passage on Lake Baikal and in Dauria, arriving later than T. fuscatus and T. naumanni: the first 
individuals appeared at the end of April, and the bulk of the migration did not take place till 
the first half of May. It consorts with the two Thrushes above named, and is of similar habits, 
but it leaves later than they do, and is not so noisy during its migrations. In the nesting- 
season we have observed them on the Khamar-daban, at the limit of the Cembra pine-forests, 
where the birds were very shy. Young birds were already flying in July. Іп August we 
had seen them travelling in troops to the foot of Mounko-sardik, not mixed with other species. 
During the autumn migration they are very rare, and we have seen single individuals at the 
commencement of October. Some remain all the winter in the southern part of Lake Baikal, 
where they inhabit the rushes in the marshes, and they are sometimes seen on the southern slopes 
of the mountains, where the snow does not lie, and here they feed on berries and seeds of different 
plants. In general they are scarce at this season, but in some winters they are more numerous 
than in others. Curiously enough, Godlewski says that all the specimens which he found in the 
Daikal district in winter were not typical birds, but had the throat and fore-neck mottled with 
dusky, but without any rufous. He further says that he never found the species on the 
shores of the Sea of Japan, nor did Janskowski or Kalinowski, who continued his explorations in 
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