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and from Goalpara, and I shot it near Karimgunj in Sylhet, and again further up іп the Cachar 
district.” Mr. Stuart Baker (Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. ix. p. 137) states that he has not met with 
JM. ruficollis in Northern Cachar. Mr. Cripps says that it is pretty common in the Dibrugarh 
district during the cold season. 
JM. ruficollis seems to occur throughout the Himalayas from Chamba to Assam (cf. Oates, 
Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 130). In the former district Colonel Marshall shot two specimens 
in his garden after a snow-storm; but the species is more plentifully observed іп the Eastern 
Himalayas, where Hodgson has procured it in Nepal, and Mandelli in Native Sikhim, British 
Sikhim, and on the borders of Thibet. It appears never to have been procured in the plains 
of India. 
It is said by Severtzow to occur in Eastern Turkestan during migration and winters in the 
north-western districts, but is everywhere very rare (Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 65, 119). Dr. Finsch 
procured a specimen at the Sassyk-Ala-Kul Lake on the 9th of May (Verh. z.b. Ges. Wien, 
1879, p. 72). 
The Red-throated Ouzel has occurred in Europe a few times, but some of the instances 
recorded do not seem to be properly authenticated. Ап immature bird was shot in Heligoland in 
November 1843, and it has been recorded on two occasions in Germany (cf. Martorelli, Ornis, 
1901, p. 264). 
Prof. Martorelli discusses the relationship of M. ruficollis as regards its interbreeding with 
М. atrigularis, and thinks that they may be two phases of one species. The subject is also treated of 
by Dr. Pleske and Professor Oustalet in the works above cited. Му own opinion isthat the two 
birds, as also М. fuscata and М. naumanni, are thoroughly distinct species, but that they occasionally 
interbreed, like Corvus corone and C. сотах. 
Adult male. General colour above ashy-grey, the scapulars and wing-coverts like the back, 
the crown slightly mottled, with dusky centres to the feathers; the greater coverts and quills 
sepia-brown, with ashy margins to the feathers; centre tail-feathers brown, with ashy margins, 
the rest more or less cinnamon-rufous on the inner web, this colour increasing in extent towards the 
outermost feathers, which are entirely cinnamon, with the exception of a little brown colour near 
the ends; lores dusky-brown, surrounded by a superciliary streak of vinous-chestnut ; sides of face, 
cheeks, throat, and fore-neck also vinous-chestnut, the ear-coverts dark ashy; a slightly indicated 
malar streak of black spots; remainder of under surface of body white, the sides of the body and 
thighs pale ashy-brown ; under tail-coverts orange-cinnamon, concealed by broad white margins to 
the feathers; under wing-coverts and axillaries orange-rufous, with hoary-grey margins ; quills dusky 
below, ashy on the inner webs, which are tinged with orange: “upper mandible and tip of lower 
mandible brown; rest of lower mandible, gape, and margins of upper mandible, except at tip, dull 
yellow; tarsi greyish-dusky ; feet fleshy-brown; iris hazel” (Hume). Total length 9:5 inches, 
culmen 0:85, wing 5:4, tail 3:4, tarsus 1:95, 
The adult female resembles the male and has a similar red throat, but it is probably only very 
old birds which gain the same plumage as the male; the sides of the body are more distinctly 
ashy-grey, and the breast Spotted more or less distinctly with ashy. Тһе black malar lines, which are 
sometimes lost in the old males, seem never to become quite obsolete in the old females, which have 
often black spots on the throat. Although the majority of female birds have white throats with 
black spots, yet there are so many specimens in the Museum which are entirely red-throated, that it 
is impossible to doubt that old females resemble the males. 2 
A female in somewhat worn plumage from Lake Baikal, in the Seebohm Collection, is an adult 
bird killed by Dybowski in May. It has, however, a white throat and cheeks, as well as a whitish 
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