GEOCICHLA ERYTHRONOTA, Selater. 
CELEBEAN GROUND-THRUSH. 
Geocichla erythronota, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 118. 
Turdus erythronotus, Gray, Hand-1. B. i. p. 260, no. 3795 (1869). 
С. tectricibus alarum mediis et majoribus albo terminatis : notseo castaneo : hypochondriis nigro maculatis. 
THE present species was discovered by Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace near Makassar in the island of 
Celebes. . It appears to be confined to this island, and to occur both in the southern and northern 
parts. Dr. Meyer has procured it near Menado in the north. 
Dr. Meyer, who spent some months in Celebes, from December 1870 to November 1871, 
and revisited the island for a short time in 1873, states that he observed this species five miles from 
Menado on the way to Lotta in February and March, at Tumumpat near Menado in March, and in 
the churchyard of the Europeans at Menado from April to July. It lives on the ground and is very 
shy, so that it can only be shot from some distance away. The crops of those he dissected contained 
beetles. 
Geocichla erythronota agrees with б. leucolema and G. interpres in having the crown and паре 
very rufous, the breast black, and the flanks spotted with black, a combination not found elsewhere 
in the genus. Its rufous back and nearly black tail distinguish it from both its allies. 
It appears to be. most nearly related to Geocichla interpres, and is also possibly related to 
Geocichla schistacea. It agrees with the former in the chestnut of its crown and nape, and in its 
nearly white lores, and with both species in the colour of its wings and underparts, but it possesses 
no character in common with G. schistacea which G. interpres does not also possess. On the other 
hand, it agrees with Geocichla peronii in the colour of its mantle, rump, and upper tail-coverts. It is 
unquestionably nearly allied to the latter species, which agrees with it and differs from every other 
species of the genus, except newly moulted examples of Geocichla wardi, in having the outer webs 
of the primaries (but not of the secondaries) conspicuously margined with white. 
The adult male and female may be described as follows :—General colour of the upper parts 
orange-chestnut; lores white; eye-stripe black ; lesser wing-coverts black ; greater and median wing- 
coverts black, with large white terminal fan-shaped spots; primary-coverts black; scapulars and 
tertials black; secondaries nearly black, with a white patch near the base of the outer web; 
primaries dark brown, with the unemarginated portion of the outer webs margined with white; 
tail-feathers nearly black, the outer pair with а deep (13 inch) terminal web of white, and the two 
next pairs more or less tipped with white; ear-coverts black, with a large white patch in the centre ; 
chin, throat, and sides of the neck black, below which is a white collar ; rest of the underparts white, 
with black crescentic spots on the breast and flanks; axillaries dark brown, with white bases ; 
lower primary-coverts black; lower secondary-coverts white, with black bases. 
Geocichline markings on inner webs of quills, white. 
Bill black. Second primary intermediate in length between the sixth and seventh; tarsi, 
feet, and claws very pale; outer tail-feathers very slightly shorter than the longest; length of wing 
qx MÀ 
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