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search of insects and fallen berries. "Тһе song of the male in spring is described as sweet and loud, 
but at other seasons of the year the birds are said to be shy and silent. 
'The breeding-season in the Himalayas appears to be from April to July, according to climate, 
and Mr. Hume states that the species nests between 1500 and 5000 feet elevation. The nest he 
describes as *rather broad and cup-shaped, made of moss, grass, and very fine twigs or fir-needles, 
lined with fine moss-roots, and at times à little hair, measuring some 6 inches in diameter, and with 
a cavity about 3:5 inches broad and 1:75 inch deep. The nest is placed in some fork of a moderate- 
sized tree, in the case of all that I have seen, at no great height from the ground." 
From Masuri, Captain Hutton writes :— It breeds in June, placing the nest in the forky 
branches of lofty trees, such as oak and wild cherry. Externally it is composed of coarse dry grasses, 
somewhat neatly interwoven on the sides, but hanging down in long straggling ends from the bottom; 
within this is a layer of green moss, and another of fine dry woody stalks of small plants, and at the 
bottom a scanty lining of fine roots.” 
A nest sent by Mandelli from Darjiling is descri 
fork of a bamboo-cluster at about five feet from the groun 
ead leaves, bamboo-spathes, a few twigs, and pieces of 
The whole of the nest is composed of much the same materials, 
ps of rotten bamboo and more vegetable fibre and very little 
a dozen or so very fine wire-like twigs being wound 
bed by Mr. Hume as follows :—*' Placed in the 
d, and is a very loose untidy structure, com- 
posed exteriorly of d decayed bamboo, all wound 
together with vegetable fibre. 
except that interiorly there are more chi 
dead leaf; there is a mere pretence of a lining, 
round at the bottom of the cavity." 
The eggs are three or four, rarely five, in number, of 
with reddish brown, principally round the larger end. 
and in width 0:7 to 0:82 inch. Тһе underlying spots are dark purple. 
Тһе present bird appears to be most nearly related to the Javan species, Geocichla rubecula, 
which differs from the Indian form in being darker in colour, both above and below. Оп the other 
hand, the Malay G. innotata appears to be as closely related to the Andaman species, Geocichla 
andamanensis, from which it principally differs in size and in the colour of the crown. Geocichla 
very closely related to 6. innotata, but is smaller, and is easily distinguished by 
Geocichla cyanonota is much more distinct; the 
a pale greyish green, mottled and speckled 
They vary in length from 1:1 to 0:82 inch, 
albiqularis is also 
the white on its lores, ear-coverts, and throat. 
dark bands across the ear-coverts, only seen in immature examples of the other species, are 
retained through life, and, with the white throat, prevent any doubt attaching to its identification. 
Geocichla everetti is by far the most distinct, as it shows no trace whatever of any orange-chestnut on 
the crown, which is of precisely the same colour as the rest of the upper parts. On the other hand, 
the other Bornean species, Geocichla aurata, is extremely close to the Indian Orange-headed Ground- 
Thrush, principally differing from it in the apparently trivial points of being slightly darker on the 
upper parts, and of having the under tail-coverts slightly suffused with yellow. 
Тһе adult male may be described as follows :— 
Entire head and neck orange-chestnut; the rest of the upper parts greyish-blue, each feather 
with a darker centre ; lores orange-cinnamon ; eye-stripe obsolete ; lesser wing-coverts greyish-blue ; 
median wing-coverts greyish-blue, with concealed black bases and broad white tips; greater wing- 
coverts greyish-blue, with dark brown inner webs; primary-coverts greyish-blue, with nearly black 
inner webs; tertials greyish-blue ; secondaries and primaries brown, margined with greyish-blue on 
the unemarginated portion of the outer webs ; centre tail-feathers and outer webs of the others bluish- 
grey, the rest brown, the lateral pair narrowly tipped with white; ear-coverts orange-chestnut ; 
underparts buffish-chestnut, shading into white on the vent, thighs, and under tail-coverts ; axillaries 
bluish-grey, with white bases; lower primary-coverts bluish-grey ; lower secondary-coverts white, 
with bluish-grey bases. 
