84 
is as well defined a genus as any within the family, and needs not to be degraded to the lower 
rank of a sub-genus." 
Тһе Varied Ground-Thrush is 
A. О. U. * Check-list ' as follows :— 
California. Accidental on Guadelupe Island, in Lower Ca 
and Massachusetts." 
Тһе breeding-range of the species extends 
a native of North America, and its range is summarized in the 
« Pacific coast of North America, from Bering Strait to Southern 
lifornia, and in New Jersey, Long Island, 
from Alaska eastward to the Great Bear Lake and 
south to the Columbia River. Mr. E. W. Nelson observes (Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, p. 220, 1887) :— 
“This handsome Thrush ranges north to the Lower Mackenzie River, where it nests. All the 
wooded country to the west and south of this, to the shores of Bering Sea, and along the coast of 
the North Pacific, south to Washington and Oregon, may be included in its breeding-range, thus 
including within its summer habitat both arctic and temperate climates, as well as the very 
dissimilar Canadian and North-west coast faunal provinces." 
Mr. Nelson considers the present species “to be a regular and not rare summer resident in all 
the congenial portions of Northern Alaska, even within the Arctic Circle, and undoubtedly it extends 
its range as far to the north as Merula migratoria." He says that he has received specimens from 
the interior, north of Kotzebue Sound, as also from the coast-line of the same Sound, and that of 
Bering Sea, about the shore of Norton Sound. It arrives about the middle to the 25th of May, 
passing, like M. migratoria, directly to its breeding-ground, and returning to the south at the end of 
August and during September. Professor Tarleton H. Bean (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. v. p. 145, 1882) 
procured a specimen near the mouth of the Indian River, on the 1st of June, and says that the 
Dall and Bamnister (Trans. Chicago Academy, 1. 
p. 276) record the species from various localities on the south coast of the Alaskan Peninsula, such 
as Kodiak Island, Cook's Inlet, the Admiralty Islands, and Sitka. From Kodiak Island Pallas 
received specimens from his friend Captain Billings, who says that the species nests there and 
remains all the winter [which statement may be doubted |. Richardson found the Varied Ground- 
Thrush nesting at Fort Franklin, on the western shores of Great Bear Lake, in lat. 65° 36. 
Specimens in full breeding-plumage obtained by Mr. A. Forrer in Vancouver Island in November 
are in the Salvin-Godman Collection, but no record of its nesting there exists. Similar specimens 
were procured by J. K. Lord in British Columbia, on the western side of the Rocky Mountains. In 
Mr. Frank Chapman's account of Mr. Clark P. Streator's collections from British Columbia, we learn 
that the last-named naturalist found the species to be “a common fall and spring migrant." 
Mr. Streator observed it breeding on Mount Lehman (cf. Chapman, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. iii. p. 155). 
Mr. R. H. Lawrence states that at Gray's Harbour in Washington Territory the species is resident, 
and though most of the birds migrate south in winter, a few remain on the East Humptulips (Auk, 
ix. p. 47, 1892). Dr. J. C. Merrill says (Auk, v. p. 365, 1888) that at Fort Klamath, Oregon, this 
Thrush is seldom seen in autumn, but in March it is generally very abundant and tame. He shot 
one bird on the 13th of April According to Mr. C. W. Swallow (Auk, viii. p. 396, 1891) the 
present species is common in Clatrop, Co. Oregon, about Astoria and the lowlands in winter, 
breeding back in the heavy timber on the hills. Не found a nearly completed nest on the 27th of 
April, about four feet up in a small hemlock; the locality was on high land and heavily timbered. 
Dr. 7. б. Cooper, in his paper on the “ Migrations and Nesting-habits of West-coast birds” 
(Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. ii. p. 245), records this Thrush as being found in summer from the mouth of 
the Columbia River to lat. 65^, and wintering in California. At Santa Cruz (lat. 379) it arrived in 
October and left about the Ist of April. At Haywood (lat. 37° 40') it arrived about the 20th of 
October. In his work on the Ornithology of California, the same writer states that he had not 
himself seen the species south of the coast-range near Santa Clara, and then no later than April He 
species was common in that locality. Messrs. 
