100 
axillaries slaty-grey with white bases; lower primary-coverts 
with white tips to the under tail-coverts ; 
bases. 
wer secondary-coverts white with slaty-grey 
of quills, white. 
d claws greenis 
slaty-grey ; lo 
Geocichline markings on inner webs 
« Bill dull black ; front of legs, feet, an 
iris dark brown ” (Davison). 
Second primary intermediate in length between the 
inch shorter than the longest ; length of wing 4:9 to 44i 
0:81 inch ; bastard-primary much shorter than the primary-coverts, 
h-yellow ; back of the former dirty yellow ; 
third and fourth ; outer tail-feathers 0:15 
nches, tail 3:5 to 31 inches, culmen 0:93 to 
its exposed portion measuring 07 
to 0:6 inch. 
Тһе female is very different from the male. General colour above warm olive-brown, inclining 
coverts russet-brown; quills dusky brown, 
er back and rump; wing- 
le margin to the first primary ; tail-feathers dusky brown, with a 
he tip; head a little more russet than 
tiny spot of white at t | 
ct as in the male ; ear-coverts ochreous-buff, mottled 
with blackish edgings to the feathers; cheeks ochraceous, with a blackish line above and below, 
iter on the throat, which 
forming a distinct moustachial streak ; under sur 
ightly more rufous and mottled with blackish sub- 
is spotted with dusky ; the fore-neck and breast slig 
to slaty-brown on the low 
with dusky bases; under wing-coverts 
abdomen pure white ; 
ochraceous-brown ; axillaries white, with brown tips; quills dusky below, with the wing-band buffy 
white: “ bill dark brown, the lower mandible an 
and claws orange-yellow; iris dark brown " (W. Davison). 
wing 4:5 inches, tail 3:0 inches, tarsus 1:05 inch. 
Young birds of the year may be distinguished by the pale ochr 
Тһе Siberian Ground-Thrush is nearest allied to Geocichla war 
closely related to 6. schistacea. No other species belonging to the genus has a well-marked pale 
in which it is chestnut-buff. Тһе absence of pale tips to the upper tail- 
hich has traces of an eye-stripe. The 
e tips to the wing-coverts. 
dí, and may possibly be almost as 
eye-stripe, except 6. тега, 
coverts not only excludes G. wardi, but also G. pinicola, w 
latter species may be also further excluded, together with G. schistacea, by the white axillaries. 
G. пеша may be excluded by the Oreocichline pattern of its primaries, and probably by its 
unspotted dark buff throat ; but as the young in first plumage of both birds are unknown, the 
latter character must be accepted with caution. 
'The diagnosis of the Siberian Ground-Thrush must t 
A. pale stripe over each eye, white and very conspicuous in the male. 
Upper tail-coverts uniform slate-grey or brown. 
Axillaries white on their basal half only. 
Outer webs of primaries uniform in colour from end to end. 
The last-mentioned character also excludes G. pinicola. 
The female of 6. sibirica resembles very closely that of 
distinguished either by the pale tips of its upper tail-coverts, 
the outermost feather on each side of its tail, which generally extends for more tha 
that of G. sibirica rarely extends for more than half an inch. 
herefore stand as follows :— 
G. wardi, but the latter may be easily 
or by the greater amount of white on 
n an inch, whilst 
