132 
reaching to ora little beyond the Arctic Circle in the former 
country. In his work on the Fauna of the Kola Peninsula, Dr. Pleske writes :-“ The species occurs 
only in the southern part of the country, and is, asa rule, not found above the limits of the pine-woods, 
Von Wright found a nest with young birds at the foot of Aavasaksa on the 17th of June. Palmén- 
Sahlberg observed the Song-Thrush several times in the Muonio parish, where it breeds sparingly. 
According to the observations of Knoblock, published in Westerlund's work, it is pretty common at 
Muoniovaara, where it probably inhabits the Sub-alpine Region. In Torneá-Lappmark the 
or the beginning of June. Mela reports that 
he Imandra Lake in Russian Lapland. The 
chronicled by Grape, seems to me to be 
Sweden it is a plentiful summer visitor, 
complement of eggs is laid by the end of May 
the Song-Thrush is common in summer near t 
reputed occurrence of the species in Enontekis, 
untrustworthy.” 
Near Archangel the Song-Thrush is a tolerably common summer visitor, according to Henke 
(Seebohm, Ibis, 1882, p. 376), and its breeding-range is said to extend to 60° N. lat. in Russia and 
Siberia. The Seebohm Collection contains specimens from the neighbourhood of Krasnoyarsk, 
obtained by Mr. Kibort in May and September. Further eastward, the Song-Thrush has been found 
nesting near Lake Baikal and on the Irkout River by Godlewski and Dybowski. Middendorff also 
found it nesting not uncommonly near Udskoi-Ostrog. The species has not yet been met with in 
Dauria, nor in the Ussuri district, or the shores of the Japanese Sea, or in Kamtchatka (Taczanowski, 
Faune Orn. Sibir. Orient. i. p. 317). 
Over France, Germany, and the greater part of Europe the Song-Thrush is distributed during 
the summer, and it nests in the Pyrennees, where Mr. Howard Saunders has seen eggs in the Dasque 
Provinces (Ibis, 1884, p. 369). He believes that only a small number remain to breed, but at 
Santander Colonel Irby found the species common and nesting (Ibis, 1883, p. 12). In Spain, as in 
most of the Mediterranean countries, it is a plentiful visitor in winter, but none have been known to 
breed even in the higher wooded regions of the Sierra Nevada, according to Mr. Howard Saunders's 
notes. Mr. Tait says that he has only found it in winter in Portugal, and believes that it does not 
breed in that country, as he says that he has “looked for it without success during summer in the 
northern Serra do Gorez, which would be the most likely place if it lingered anywhere in the country" 
(Ibis, 1887, p. 84). It is very plentiful in winter in Algeria, Tunis, and Morocco, and Mr. Meade- 
Waldo (Ibis, 1893, p. 187) says that it is an abundant winter visitor to the high ground in the Canary 
Islands, but he does not remember to have seen it lower than about 1800 feet ; a few remain till 
April. | 
То Italy the Song-Thrush is principally known as a winter migrant, but not a few breed in the 
highest mountains, according to Count Salvadori's note in Mr. Dresser's * Birds of Europe” (vol. ii. 
p.22) With regard to its nesting in Greece, we have only Von der Mühle's belief that it breeds in 
Rumelia, but Lindermayer considers it to be only a winter visitor. Robson states that the Thrush 
breeds in the large woods in Turkey in Europe and Asia (cf. his note in Dresser's * Birds of Europe”), 
and also comes in large numbers in winter, at which season it is found in Palestine aud Egypt, 
ranging into Nubia and occurring also in Northern Arabia. 
The Song-Thrush breeds in the Caucasus, but is not recorded from Turkestan, and it winters 
in Persia, occurring at Bushire and at Fao in the Persian Gulf, where it has been obtained by 
Mr. W. D. Cumming as late as March (Sharpe, Ibis, 1886, pp. 482, 495). · 
The present species is replaced in China by а resident bird, Turdus auri 
spots below and a more distinct black crescent on the ear-coverts. The Gould Collection contains à 
specimen, said to have come from Foochow, which has been referred to the latter species, but I find 
on examination that it is really an example of an English Song-Thrush, and some mistake has 
tus, which has larger 
doubtless occurred as to the locality. 
