TURDUS AONALASCHKA, Gm. 
DWARF THRUSH. 
Aoonalaska Thrush, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 1, p. 23 (1783). 
Unalaska Thrush, Penn. Arctic Zool. ii. p. 338 (1785). 
Turdus aonalashke, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 808 (1788); Seebohm, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus, v. p. 200 
(1881); Ridgw. Man. N. Amer. B. p. 576 (1896). 
Muscicapa guttata, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 465 (1811). 
Turdus nanus, pt. (nec Audub.), Baird, Cass., & Lawr. B. N. Amer. p. 213 (1858). 
Turdus (Hylocichla) nanus, Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. xviii. p. 65 (1860). 
Hylocichla nana (nec Audub.), Coues, Ibis, 1865, р. 163. 
Turdus pallasi, var. nanus (nec Audub.), Coues, Key N. Amer. B. p. 72 (1872). 
Turdus pallasi, b. nanus, Coues, B. North-West, p. 3 (1874). 
Turdus (Hylocichla) pallasi, b. nanus, Coues, B. Colorado Vall. p. 21 (1878). 
Turdus guttatus, Ridgway, Orn. 40th Par. p. 393 (1875); Belding, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. i. 
p. 396 (1879). 
Turdus nanus (nec Audub.), Cooper, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. ii. p. 245 (1880). 
Hylocichla unalashke, Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. iii. p. 166 (1880). 
Turdus aoonalascensis, Nelson, Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, p. 218 (1887). 
Т. minor: remige secundo quintum haud æquante : supracaudalibus et rectricibus rufis, minimé dorso concoloribus, 
his saturatioribus feré castaneo-brunneis: hypochondriis cinerascentibus : subalaribus et axillaribus fuscis, 
grisescentibus, his ad basin albidis. 
Bv general opinion, the Unalaska Thrush of Pennant is admitted to be one of the small species of 
North America, and although the description is unsatisfactory and apparently based on a young bird, 
the name of T. aonalaschke of Gmelin, founded on Pennant's description, has been now adopted by 
American ornithologists, and it is therefore better to follow their conclusions than to reject the name. 
This Dwarf Thrush is the western form of the three races or sub-species which inhabit 
North America, and are distinguished by the form of the wing, the second quill being shorter 
than the fifth (cf. Ridgway, Man. J. s. c.). 
The range of the Dwarf Thrush is given by Mr. Ridgway as follows :—“ Pacific coast of North 
America, breeding from the mountains of California north to Kodiak; south, in winter, to Lower 
California and Western Mexico as far as Colima; during migrations to Nevada, Arizona, Colorado 
(Denver), Western Texas, &c." 
Mr. Nelson (Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, p. 218) writes :—“* Specimens of this bird are in the U.S. 
National Museum Collection from various points along the timbered coast of South-eastern Alaska, 
including Cook's Inlet, Sitka, Kodiak, and Chugatchik Bay. It breeds in this part of the Territory, 
but appears to be limited to the mild climate and wooded shores of this region, as there are no records 
of its occurrence beyond to the north and west." In the above-named localities Prof. F. H. Bean 
found the species not uncommon in July (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. v. p. 145). It breeds in British 
Columbia, as Mr. Rhoads found the species nesting at Field in the Rocky Mountains (Auk, x. p. 24). 
