TURDUS CROTOPEZUS, Licht. 
BRAZILIAN WHITE-THROATED THRUSH. 
Turdus crotopezus, Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 38 (1823); Scl. & Salv. Exot. Orn. p. 145, pl. lxxiii. 
(1869); Seebohm, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. v. p. 210 (1881). 
Turdus albicollis (nec V.), Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 71, pl. Ixx. (1824). 
T. plagá gulari conspicuá albá: сапай cinereá vel pallidè schistaceá : supracaudalibus schistaceis: axillaribus 
flavicantibus vel pallidé aurantiacis, subalaribus concoloribus. 
Тнів species is the Brazilian and Bolivian representative of T. tristis and T. leucauchen, and 
Mr. Seebohm considered them to constitute three forms hardly to be distinguished, ** which apparently 
interbreed, as every possible intermediate stage of plumage between them is found " (Cat. Birds Brit. 
Mus. v. p. 210). Judged, however, by the evidence of seasonal variation in the allied Zurdus 
leucauchen, which has recently come to light from the series in the Salvin-Godman Collection, there 
can be little hesitation in admitting that 7. crotopezus has really по connecting-links with either 
T. leucauchen or T. tristis, but, on the other hand, is a perfectly distinct species, distinguished by its 
grey upper tail-coverts and tail, and russet-brown back. : 
The range of the species appears to be from Eastern Brazil to Bolivia and Peru. The British 
Museum contains many specimens from the neighbourhood of Bahia, and in the same Collection are 
specimens from Tilotilo and the Rio Toro, in Bolivia, obtained by Buckley. І can see no difference 
between examples from these distant localities, and the supposition is that the species occurs in the inter- 
vening countries. Оп this point, however, no exact evidence seems to be forthcoming. Von Pelzeln 
unites 7. crotopezus to Т. leucomelas, and it is only by an examination of the specimens in the 
Vienna Museum that one can find out whether the 7. leucomelas of the * Ornithologie Brasiliens’ is 
T. crotopezus or not. "That the bird described in the present work is the true 7. crotopezus is certified 
. by the comparison of a specimen in the Sclater Collection with the actual type in the Berlin Museum. 
Mr. Seebohm, in the ‘Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum,’ gives the range of T. croto- 
pezus as extending to Rio de Janeiro, but this is probably on the authority of Euler's note (J. f. O. 
1867, p. 404) on the birds of Cantagallo. Euler's Turdus crotopezus has, however, been shown by 
Dr. Cabanis (J. f. O. 1864, p. 82) to be Turdus albicollis. 
There have been but few authentic notes published on this species, and very little has been 
written on its habits. Prince Maximilian states that he found this Thrush in the dense woods of 
. the coast-region of Brazil, and that it resembled other Thrushes in its habits. Не did not notice 
its song. 
According to Taczanowski (Orn. Pérou, i. p. 492) this species was obtained by Jelski at Amable 
Maria in Peru, and by Stolzmann at Huambo, Chirimoto, and Tambillo. The latter writes :—“ This 
Thrush sings generally in the same place, in a group of thick trees, where it is difficult to observe it. 
The song is melancholy, and is heard by the hour together. It can be rendered as follows | 
“ms 
же. 
At Huambo there was an individual, evidently a young bird, trying to learn its song, and one could 
hear it every day in the same place. Не was not, however, very successful, and the soft e was 
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