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TURDUS GYMNOPHTHALMUS, Cab. 
BARE-EYED THRUSH. 
Turdus gymnophthalmus, Cab. in Schomb. Reis. Guian. iii. p. 665 (1848); Scl. & Salv. Exot. 
Orn. p. 151, pl. Ixxvi. (1869); Seebohm, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. v. p. 212 (1881). 
Turdus nudigenis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 4. 
Turdus gymnopsis, Temm. MS., Bp. Consp. i. p. 272 (1850). 
Turdus albiventris (nec Spix), Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, р. 136. 
Turdus caribbeus, Lawr. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. i. p. 160 (1878). 
Turdus gymnogenys, Scl. € Salv. Ibis, 1879, p. 357. 
Merula gymnophthalma, Stejn. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. v. p. 473 (1883); Cory, List B. West Indies, 
p. 5 (1885). 
Merula caribbea, Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 472. 
T. plagá gulari albá nullá: remigibus infrà obscuré brunneis, vix intüs cinerascenti-fulvo adumbratis : pectore 
medio abdomineque albis: subalaribus et axillaribus diluté aurantiaco-fulvis : regione ophthalmicá nuda, 
flavá. 
Тила Thrush is easily recognized by the bare yellow space round the eye. This character, however, 
varies in individuals, and is much more extensive in some specimens than in others, and appears to 
me to be more developed in the breeding-plumage. 
It is a bird of wide range in South America, and was first described from British Guiana by 
Prof. Cabanis (Schomb. Reis. Brit. Guian. iii. p. 665), who also records it from Cayenne from 
specimens іп the Berlin Museum. Dr. Sclater has also received it from Surinam (P. 2. S. 1859, 
p. 329). 
Whitely obtained several specimens at Quonga, in British Guiana, in October aud November, 
and again on Roraima at 3500 feet in the same months (Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 198). 
Dyson met with the species near Caracas in Venezuela (spec. in Mus. Brit.), and Prof. Cabanis 
also notices it from the same locality (2. s. c.). А specimen obtained by Hanke near San Esteban 
is in the Sclater Collection. From Caracas came also the type of Lafresnaye's Turdus nudigenis 
(Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 4). In Trinidad it is reported as a common resident by Léotaud (Ois. Trinid. 
p. 201), by Mr. E. Cavendish Taylor (Ibis, 1864, p. 80), and by Mr. Frank M. Chapman (Bull. Amer. 
Mus. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 22). 
The species is recorded from Tobago by Dr. Sclater, having been obtained there by Kirk 
(Р. 7. 5. 1859, p. 329), and there is a specimen from this island in the Seebohm Collection. It also 
occurs on St. Vincent and Grenada, examples from both of these islauds being in the Salvin-Godman 
Collection. 
The late Mr. б. N. Lawrence separated the Bare-eyed Thrush from Grenada as Turdus caribbeus. 
He gives the following note in the * Proceedings” of the U.S. National Museum (ix. p. 610):— 
“This is considered by Messrs. Sclater and Salvin not to differ from 7. gymnophthalmus. 
I have three specimens of the latter bird, one of them presented to me by Mr. Seebohm. 
These are smaller in their dimensions than the bird from Grenada, which has a perceptibly 
2x2 
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