TURDUS FUMIGATUS, Licht. 
RUSSET-BELLIED THRUSH. 
Turdus fumigatus, Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 38 (1823) ; Seebohm, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. v. p. 216 
(1881). 
Turdus ferrugineus, Neuwied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras. iii. p. 649 (1831); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. 
ii. p. 212 (1889). 
Turdus casius (nec Bp.), Léot. Ois. Trinid. p. 204 (1866). 
Merula fumigata, Allen, Bull, Amer. Mus. iv. p. 51 (1892) ; Chapm. op. cit. vi. p. 22 (1894). 
T. remigibus intüs Теје aurantiacis, subalaribus et axillaribus concoloribus : pileo noteoque concoloribus, 
rufescentibus, gastreeo vix pallidiore: gutture distincté brunneo striato. 
Tue RussET-BELLIED THRUSH is found in Brazil and Lower Amazonia to Guiana and Venezuela, 
as well as in the island of Trinidad. 
Natterer met with it in the higher woods at the station of Capt. Gama in July, on the banks of 
the Rio Guaporé in September, at S. Vicente in December, and at Borba in April, June, and August 
(Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 94). Specimens from Bahia, obtained by Dr. Luschnath, are in the Salvin- 
Godman Collection, and Prince Max of Neuwied noticed it especially on the Rio Espirito Santo 
(Beitr. Orn. Bras. iii. p. 649). Mr. E. L. Layard records the species from Pará (Ibis, 1878, p. 376), 
and an example from the island of Mexiana is in the collection made by Dr. A. R. Wallace on the 
Amazons (Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 568). | 
Mrs. Herbert Smith obtained а specimen at El Pilar, in Venezuela, in November (Allen, Bull. 
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. iv. p. 51), and Mr. Goering met with the species at San Esteban in March 
and at El Pilar (Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, р, 166). Specimens said to be from the Rio Orinoco are 
in the Seebohm Collection. 
Prince Max says that the nest of this species was very like that of the European Blackbird, 
The eggs, taken in December, were three in number, of a beautiful green with spots of liver- 
brown. 
Mr. W. A. Forbes noticed caged specimens in nearly every place he visited from Parahyba to 
Garanhuns, but he only saw it in its wild state at Cabo and Recife. Не states that it is kept by the 
natives as a cage-bird, and is also relentlessly shot down for food, and is therefore now scarce in the 
neighbourhood of towns (Ibis, 1881, p. 527). 
Mr. Layard says that in the vicinity of Pará the species is known as the “Sabia,” and it is often 
kept in cages as а singing-bird by the people. It feeds on berries. On the 26th of January, 1813, 
he observes :—* I daily hear a bird singing in the early morning, with a note just like that of the 
European Thrush. I am told that this is the * Sabia, and though I have not myself seen it singing, 
I have no doubt that this is really the songster which produces the only music I have heard in the 
forest." 
In British Guiana it has been obtained by Whitely at Bartica Grove in December, and Camacusa 
from February to May, as recorded by Mr. Salvin (Ibis, 1885, p. 198). Mr. E. C. Taylor (Ibis, 1864, 
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