TURDUS ALBIVENTER, Spix 
SPIX’S THRUSH. 
Turdus albiventer, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 70, pl. Ixix. fig. 1 (1824) ; Scl. & Salv. Exot. Orn. p. 147, 
pl. Ixxiv. (1869); Seebohm, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. v. p. 216 (1881). 
Turdus humilis, Licht. Nomencl, Av. Mus. Berol. p. 26 (1854). 
Turdus ephippialis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 109. 
T'urdus albiventris ephippialis, Berlepsch, J. f. O. 1884, p. 278. 
T. plagá gulari albá пий: remigibus intüs leté aurantiaco-rufis, subalaribus et axillaribus concoloribus : pileo 
pallid® griseo haud dorso concolore: gutture albido, brunneo distincté striato: corporis lateribus 
ochrascenti-brunneis aut cinerascentibus ochraceo lavatis. 
Тнів species is easily distinguished from its allies by the grey head, which contrasts with the colour 
of the back. At the same time it has very bright orange-rufous under wing-coverts and axillaries, 
the quill-lining being of the same bright colour. 
The range of this Thrush in South America is a wide one, as it extends from Southern Brazil 
to Amazonia, Guiana, and Colombia. Specimens from Bahia are frequent in museums, and the late 
Mr. W. A. Forbes met with the species in Pernambuco. His specimens are in the British Museum, 
but the bird is not mentioned in his paper in the “Ibis” for 1881 (p. 327). То the southward it 
has been recorded from Minas Geraes by Spix (2. s. с.), and a specimen obtained by Mr. Joyner at 
Pelotas in Rio Grande do Sul is in the Salvin-Godman Collection. 
Natterer met with this Thrush at Ytararé in August, Ypanema in May, and Cuyaba in July. 
He also obtained specimens in Matto Grosso in October (Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 93), and in that 
province it was found breeding by Mrs. Herbert Smith (Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. iii. 
р. 341). Natterer likewise procured specimens near Pará in November, and at Forte do Rio Branco 
in February, as well as on the Rio Muria (Pelz. #. c.). It was obtained by Dr. A. К. Wallace on the 
island of Mexiana in December (Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 568). 
Dr. Goeldi met with the species at Amapá (2^ N. lat.) in Southern Guiana (Ibis, 1897, p. 161), 
and a Demerara skin is in the Seebohm Collection. In British Guiana it has been obtained by 
Whitely on Roraima, between August and January, at a height of from 3000 to 4000 feet ; and it 
must breed here, as a young bird was obtained on the 29th of August (Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 198). 
The same collector met with it at Quonga in October and November, and specimens are in the 
Salvin-Godman Collection. Dr. J. J. Quelch and Mr. F. V. McConnell also found it in the Savana 
of British Guiana, and specimens have been presented to the British Museum by these gentlemen. 
Its occurrence in Colombia is evidenced by some specimens in the Salvin-Godman and Sclater 
Collections from Bogotá, among the latter being the type of Turdus ephippialis, which is certainly 
only T. albiventer. Mr. Claude Wyatt, in his notes on the birds of the Magdalena Valley (Ibis, 
1871, p. 320), writes :—“ We shot this Thrush by the sides of little streams, where there were a 
few trees and bushes, between Осайа and La Cruz, and again met with it in the Cocuta Valley. 
Altitude 5000—4000 feet." Count von Berlepsch has also recorded specimens from Bucaramanga 
received from Herr Minlos (J. f. O. 1884, p. 278). 
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