Geology and Mineralogy. 467 



fact that the phenomena " reproduce on a larger scale than has 

 been possible by experiment in the laboratory, many of the phe- 

 nomena of crustal deformation." " The analogies are so aston- 

 ishingly close as to lead to the conclusion that in most cases 

 crustal forces have acted in a similar manner to those in which 

 the forces in the ice have acted." h. e. g. 



1. Syllabus of a Course of Lectures on Elementary Geology ; 

 by John C. Branner, Ph.D. Stanford University Press, 1898. 

 Pp. 301. Syllabus of a Course of Lectures on Economic Geology } 

 by John C. Branner and John F. Newsom. Stanford Univer- 

 sity, 1900. Pp. 346. — These publications are useful additions 

 to a geologist's teaching outfit, and are adapted to the uses 

 of students while in college and afterward. These books may 

 well be recommended to general readers who wish a guide in 

 geological reading. The outlines are full, the illustrations clear 

 and abundant, and the bibliography is well chosen for the pur- 

 pose in view. h. e. g. . 



8. The Loess of Iowa City and Vicinity ; by B. Shimek, C.E. ^ 

 Bull. Laboratories of Nat. Hist., University of Iowa, vol. v, 

 No. 2, pp. 195-212. — From a study of the fossil shells found in 

 the loess, Mr. Shimek concludes that "bodies of water did not 

 exist where loess is now found." "The molluscan fauna of the 

 loess points to comparatively dry upland terrestrial conditions 

 such as exist over the greater part of Iowa to-day." h. e. g. 



9. The River System of Connecticut y by William Herbert 

 Hobbs. Jour. Geol., Sept.-Oct., 1901. — The location of Connec- 

 ticut rivers is explained by Professor Hobbs as the result of 

 faulting. h. e. g. 



10. The Sivamalai Series of Eleolite- Syenites and Corundum- 

 Syenites in the Coimbatore Distr., Madras Presidency ; by Thos. 

 H. Holland. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, vol. xxx, pt. 3, pp. 169- 

 220, 1901. — Eleolite-syenite forms the main mass of a large hill 

 in the district mentioned. It is gneissoid, having a well-marked 

 foliation, generally in conformity to the enclosing gneisses. 

 There are several varieties of the rock, the most prevalent being 

 an even gray one consisting of 34 per cent eleolite, 56 of micro- 

 perthite feldspar, 3*6 of magnetite and 6 -4 of biotite, plagioclase, 

 graphite, etc. An analysis by T. L. Walker gave 



Si0 2 A1 2 3 Fe 3 4 MgO CaO Na 2 K 2 C Ign. 



55-68 23-81 4'84 0*65 1-69 9-23 5*16 0*58 0*34 = 101'98 



The chief point of interest lies in the presence of the graphite, 

 distributed in thin scales. It shows on heating, after treatment 

 with nitric acid, the phenomenon of " sprouting " which has been 

 held by Moissan to be characteristic of graphite crystallized 

 from fusion. Not only is the graphite in the main rock type but 

 also in coarse-grained " contemporaneous veins " and in black 

 basic lenses or dike-like bands. 



As the occurrence of graphite as a well-defined constituent of 

 a rock which has been held heretofore to be of purely igneous 



