322 Scientific Intelligence. 



wards on all sides, while their lagoons are increasing in area, and 

 probably also in depth. The atolls owe their existence to the 

 fusion of reefs lying on the circumferences of banks, together 

 with the washing away of the reefs in the interiors of the same 

 banks as their circumscribing reefs became more perfect. In 

 general, the results of the expedition are in striking agreement 

 with the conclusions drawn by Sir John Murray as to the forma- 

 tion of atoll reefs ; but I should hesitate to apply these views to 

 all coral-reef areas in the present state of our knowledge, to the 

 exclusion of the subsidence or any other hypothesis." 



4. Om de senglaciale og postglaciale Nivaforandringer i Kris- 

 tianiafeltet (MollusJcfaunan). Korges geologiske undersogelse, 

 No. 31, pp. xii, 1-731, pis. i-xix, 1900-1901 ; by W. C. Brogger. 

 — The terminal moraines on both sides of the Christiania Fiord 

 were considered by De Geer as indicating the lower limit of the 

 last great ice sheet, but the results of the investigations by 

 Professor Brogger in this work show that the land ice extended 

 to the extreme boundary of the land mass in Southern Norway, 

 and even beyond this limit. 



Many new occurrences of the late and post-glacial deposits are 

 recorded and accompanied by lists and illustrations of the con- 

 tained faunas. On the basis of their molluscan fossils, these 

 deposits are classified into a number of divisions, indicating 

 changes in level and climate. 



There was first a period of subsidence of the land after the 

 morainic period (ra-time), which is divisible into six stages. This 

 was followed by a period of reelevation divided into seven stages 

 and reaching down to the recent period. The climate during the 

 latter part of the post-glacial uplift was somewhat warmer than 

 at present. Brogger agrees with Ekholm in his time-estimate of 

 9000 years since the formation of the Kitchen-middens of Den- 

 mark, or the beginning of the Littorina Sea in the Baltic area. 



The succession of faunas and deposits is treated in great detail, 

 and the whole work is an admirable example of exact methods of 

 geological and faunal correlation. c. e. b. 



5. The Berkeley Hills — A Detail of Coast Range Geology ; 

 by A. C. Lawson and Chas. Palache. Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. 

 Cal., vol. ii, pp. 349-450, pis. 10-17, map. Berkeley, Cal., 1902. — 

 The area described in this memoir is about six square miles in 

 extent, lying immediately northeast of the town of Berkeley and 

 long used as a subject of field drill for students in geology. The 

 subject matter is, therefore, brought out in a somewhat detailed 

 and popular manner for local usage and benefit. The geology 

 comprises the description of a series of Cretaceous and Tertiary 

 beds, folded and faulted and mingled with intrusive and extru- 

 sive igneous materials. These volcanic accumulations are of dif- 

 ferent periods and described under the heading of the sedimentary 

 series they accompanied. They consist of rhyolites, andesites, 

 laterites and basalts and in the lowest members of serpentines. 

 The petrography of these rocks, accompanied by analyses, is given 



