Eggleston — Glacial Remains near Woodstock, Conn. 407 



Evidences of earlier glacial work. — The knolls and hillocks 

 are the principal witnesses to the work of the earlier period — 

 that of the ice and its draining streams. Sampson's Hill to 

 the north is undoubtedly a drumlin, a hill formed mainly of 

 debris accumulated beneath and moulded by the ice. Its lens- 

 shape with the longer north and south axis and its similarity 

 to typical drumlins justify this opinion. It rises one-hundred- 

 fifty feet above the knolls about the lake and is a beautiful and 

 prominent landmark. Sampson's Hill apparently marks the 

 starting point from which the lines of hillocks shown on the 

 map trail off. As the subglacial streams entered this part of 

 the valley (probably existing at the time), for some reason a 

 large amount of debris accumulated here, while the remainder 

 was irregularly piled along the valley. Most of this latter 

 deposition took place in irregular mounds and broken ridges or 

 kames, but there are occasional very symmetrical mounds and 

 at one place a short esker is developed extending seventy-five 

 rods with a maximum height of thirty- five feet. A second, 

 lower and broken ridge runs parallel to this and only eight 

 rods west of it, with a considerable trench, or better a succes- 

 sion of hollows, between. Both ridges arise at nearly the same 

 point, but the eastern alone merits the name of esker. At 

 their termination in what was apparently an arm of the glacial 

 lake, both merge and fan out broadly with a gentle descent, as 

 if the material had been deposited in standing water. The 

 general direction of the esker is south (S. 3° W.) and it exhibits 

 what has been noted with other esters, a change of height 

 with change of direction. This esker reaches the greatest 

 height of any of the formations in the region mapped. It is 

 noticeable that when grouped in broken lines or kames the 

 ridges take the general esker-direction, except when quite near 

 the present lake, where there is a tendency to turn towards it. 



Wherever any of these knolls have been excavated, they 

 invariably show a main mass of roughly stratified sand and 

 gravel frequently spread over. with coarser unsorted material 

 or till. Some of the sand layers are of extreme fineness and 

 whiteness. The terrace likewise is coated with till in places, 

 and, beneath layers of sand and gravel, layers of clay have 

 been discovered. The till-covering of the kames and knolls 

 was probably left by the melting ice- sheet, while that upon the 

 terrace may have been deposited from masses of ice floating in 

 the lake. 



Kettle-holes have been mentioned upon the terrace where 

 they are most numerous, generally more or less oval in shape 

 and ranging from three to ten rods in length and from a few 

 to ten or fifteen feet in depth. Six of the most prominent of 

 these are indicated upon the map and as many smaller ones 



