162 Scientific Intelligence. 



are led to observe nature for themselves and are shown how to 

 determine the stratigraphic sequence in the profiles leading up to 

 map making. Comparative stratigraphy and historical geology 

 are not here considered. 



There are 18 chapters, as follows : 1. Introduction ; 2. 

 Geological exposures ; 3. Weathering (physical, chemical, and 

 organic); 4. Results of weathering ; 5. Kinds of rocks ; 6. Rock- 

 clefts or joints ; 7. Subterranean waters and springs ; 8. Infiltra- 

 tion of joints and caves ; 9. Flowing waters ; 10. Standing waters; 

 11. Sea-shore; 12. Mountains and hills; 13. Deformation and 

 earthquakes ; 14. Plutonic appearances ; 15. Volcanic activity ; 

 16. Stratigraphic sequence; 17. Maps; 18. Chronological sequence. 



The book is distinguished for two things: The " Aufgaben " 

 and the many clear and well-drawn diagrams of geological struc- 

 tures. At the end of each chapter, under " Aufgaben," the 

 student is directed how and where to look for the things 

 described. There are 110 of these lessons. c. s. 



12. Die Moore der Schweiz mit Berilcksichtigung der gesammten 

 Moorfrage ; von Dr. J. Fruh und Dr. C. Scheoter. Herausge- 

 geben von der geologischen Kommission der Schweiz-Natur- 

 forschenden Gesellschaft. Preisschrift der Stiftung Schnyder 

 von Wartensee. Pp. 751, 5 plates, figures in text. Bern, 1904. — 

 This voluminous quarto report comprises a most elaborate treat- 

 ment of swamps and peat-bogs, particularly in regard to those of 

 Switzerland. Dr. Friib, professor of geography, and Dr. Schroter, 

 professor of botany, at the Polytechnikum at Zurich, have com- 

 bined in a most thorough manner the knowledge concerning 

 these deposits from the point of view of geography, climatology, 

 and botany. The first part of the work deals with vegetal 

 deposits now making in northwestern and central Europe and in 

 a general way with those of other districts, with reference to the 

 classification of the deposits and an analysis of all the conditions 

 which affect the growth of the plants and the accumulation of 

 vegetal deposits. The second part of the work is devoted to a 

 detailed description of local deposits within the confines of Switzer- 

 land. Throughout this work the botanist and the geographer 

 have labored together to present precisely and technically the 

 varied conditions which are displayed in the various plant colo- 

 nies encountered within their field of study. Over 6,000 micro- 

 scopic preparations were examined in the study of the strati- 

 graphy of peat-beds. Helpful schematic tables arranged in the 

 form of geological cross-sections of the types of swamp accumu- 

 lations present a summary of the chapters of description, in 

 which climate, altitude, position in relation to sunshine, slope, 

 drainage, and accidental factors, are equally faithfully portrayed 

 with encyclopedic fulness. A useful discussion of the world 

 distribution of vegetal accumulations of the present day is accom- 

 panied by a mercator's chart showing the grouping of the broader 

 divisions of vegetal deposits. There is also a chapter on the 

 flora of the interglacial deposits. The authors, notably Friih, do 

 not find that bacteria are effective producers of the change from 



