Phelps and Weed — Acids and Acid Anhydrides. 139 



of water and filtering into a closed bottle before diluting with 

 freshly boiled distilled water. Both the sodium hydroxide 

 solution and the barium hydroxide solution were kept in closed 

 bottles, each connected with a three-way-stoppered burette in 

 the usual manner. These solutions were protected from the 

 action of carbon dioxide in the air by soda-lime tubes. 



In all the experiments recorded in the tables given below, 

 definite portions of the organic acids and acid anhydrides, in 

 most cases, were treated with distilled water and the solution 

 of sodium hydroxide or barium hydroxide was introduced into 

 these solutions by carefully drawing from the burette until the 

 appearance of color in the solution, due to the presence of 

 phenolphthalein as indicator, showed the reaction to be com- 

 plete. In a few cases, the treatment was special, as is 

 described. 



Pure succinic acid was obtained by boiling succinic ester, 

 whose purity was established by the fact that it distilled within 

 one-fifth of a degree, on a return condenser for four hours 

 with water containing a few drops of nitric acid. This solu- 

 tion was evaporated to crystallization and the solid product, 









Table I 















HC1 



HC1 













value of 



value of 



Theory in 



Error 





Succinic 



Succinic 



NaOH 



Ba0 2 H 2 



terms 



in terms 



No. 



acid 



anhydride 



used 



used 



of HC1 



of HC1 





grm. 



grm. 



grm. 



grm. 



grm. 



grm. 



I 



0-2000 







0-1236 







0-1235 



•0001 + 



II 



0-2000 







0-1238 







0-1235 



•0003 + 



III 



0-2000 





0-1237 







0-1235 



•0002 + 



IV 



0-2000 







0-1236 







0-1235 



•0001 + 



V 



0-2000 







0-1236 







0-1235 



•0001 + 



VI 



0-2000 







0-1237 







0-1235 



•0002 + 



VII 



0-2000 







0-1237 







0-1235 



•0002 + 



VIII 



0-2000 







0-1237 







0-1235 



•0002 + 



IX 



0-2000 







0-1237 







0-1235 



•0002 + 



X 



0-2000 







0-1237 







0-1235 



•0002 + 



XI 



0-2000 











0-1238 



0-1235 



•0003 + 



XII 



0-2000 



. _ _ .. 







0-1237 



0-1235 



•0002 + 



XIII 



0-2000 











0-1235 



0-1235 



•oooo± 



XIV 



0-2000 











0-1236 



0-1235 



•0001 + 



XV 







0-2000 



0-1458 







0-1458 



•0000 + 



XVI 







0.2000 



0-1458 







0-1458 



•0000 + 



XVII 







0-2000 



0-1459 







0-1458 



•0001 + 



XVIII 





0-2000 



0-1458 







0-1458 



•oooo± 



XIX 







0-2000 







0-1457 



0-1458 



•0001 — 



XX 





0-2000 



-.'.- 



0-1456 



0-1458 



•0002 — 



XXI 







0-2000 







0-1459 



0-1458 



•0001 + 



XXII 







0*2000 





0-1458 



0-1458 



•0000 + 



