Geology. 165 



Measurements. 



Length of the upper incisor series 28 mm 



Distance from incisor 3 to the canine ._ 11 



Length of the upper premolar series 59 



Length of upper premolar 3 20 



Width of upper premolar 3 - - - 25 



Length of the upper molar series 55 



Length of upper molar 2 19 



Width of upper molar 2 26 



Length of the lower premolar series 56 



Length of the lower molar series 59 



Width of lower molar 1 14 



Amherst College, Department Biology, 

 May 29, 1908. 



SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE 



I. Geology. 



1. Indisches Perm, und die permische JEiszeit ; by E. Koken. 

 N. Jahrb. f. Min., Festband 1907, pp. 446-546, and a large paleo- 

 geographic map. — This is a very important paper to all students 

 of Permian and Triassic stratigraphy and to glaciologists. Noet- 

 ling has in Koken a strong supporter for his Indian Permian 

 stratigraphic correlations. The broader views of equivalency 

 put forth some years ago by Tschernyschew are rejected. Koken 

 holds that the Productus limestone of India passes without break 

 into the Triassic, as it also does in the eastern Alps where the 

 Bellerophon beds pass into the Werfen. Beneath the Productus 

 limestone occur the Permian glacial deposits, the material having 

 come from the south or peninsular India. Sands of glacial origin 

 are also seen in the higher limestone and even in the Triassic — 

 the regolith of the southern lands carried by the rivers into 

 Tethys. 



Various theories in regard to the probable causes for the 

 Permian glaciation are discussed at length and Koken rejects the 

 carbon dioxide theory of Arrhenius, and, as well, that of the wan- 

 dering of the pole. He concludes that the probable cause is to 

 be looked for rather in changed relations of the continents to 

 equatorial waters, and therefore in the changed streaming of 

 oceanic currents. During Permian glaciation India stood high 

 and Australia was united to India and Africa, deflecting the 

 southern equatorial waters away from the Indian Ocean and the 

 Antarctic region. The melting of the Permian ice was due to 

 the isolation of Australia from India, as along nearly all of the 

 west coast of the former land are found Permian deposits. This 

 opening again permitted the southern equatorial currents to 



At* Jour. Sci.— Fourth Series, Vol. XXVI, No. 152.— August, 1908. 

 12 



