318 J. F. Kemp — Buried Channels Beneath 



fuller data. The wash-borings returned a fairly even profile 

 for the supposed bed-rock, at depths varying from 210 to 236 

 below tide. Upon them, however, we can place no reliance. 



The Peggs Point Crossing. — This is situated a half-mile 

 south of the last named and strikes directly across the river at one 

 of the narrowest possible passages. A steep hillside of Hudson 

 River slate forms the west bank, while a short distance back 

 from the east bank are the Clinton Point quarries in the Wap- 

 pinger limestone. Several lines of wash-borings were run 

 across, giving distances to supposed bed-rock ranging from 139*5 

 to 256 in what might be esteemed the depths of the river. The 

 records were sufficiently discordant to induce the sinking of 

 three diamond drill cores in the river and one on each bank, as 

 shown in fig. 13. The deepest one caught the slate at 223 ft., 

 a record not very different from some of the wash-borings. 

 The next easterly one revealed the limestone at only 92 ft. 

 There is an unexplored stretch of 1,040 ft. between, which 

 presumably contains a deep and rather narrow gorge in order 

 to fall in with the records of the Storm King crossing, roughly 

 ten miles south. Otherwise the great depth at Storm King is 

 very difficult to understand unless we assign to the river a fall 

 of over 375 ft. in ten miles, certainly a most unusual gradient. 



The borings on Casper Creek, which enters the Hudson just 

 below this crossing, snowed the bed-rock at —69, as has been 

 already stated. 



The New Haniburg Crossing. — Two miles south of Peggs 

 Point the river narrows again between the point on which is 

 situated New Hamburg on the east bank and Cedarcliff on the 

 west. Only 2,300 feet intervene from shore to shore, but both 

 banks have the Wappinger limestone. On account of an over- 

 thrust fault, which is beautifully shown near the north portal 

 of the New Hamburg tunnel of the New York Central K.P. 

 and is again revealed by the drill, we know that the slates lie be- 

 neath it as shown diagrammatical! y in fig. 14. Only wash-borings 

 were made in the river bottom, but of these five different but 

 closely adjacent lines were run, of which one typical case has 

 been selected for the figure. Where taken beneath the portions 

 of the river well out from the banks, the extremes were 130 

 and 263*5 with a general range from 195 to 255. Yet such wide 

 differences were met as to destroy all confidence in the borings 

 as indicative of the actual bed-rock. As against the maximum 

 of 263*5 we may contrast the bed-rock in Wappinger Creek at 

 50 and less. Even this would indicate a hanging valley of 

 over 200 feet, above the bottom of the Hudson. 



Danskammer Crossing. — A mile south of New Hamburg, 

 on the west bank, is a point with a lighthouse known as Dans- 

 kammer, apparently from its having been a center of merry 



