320 J. F. Kemp — Buried Channels Beneath 



making in earlier years among the German-speaking inhabitants. 

 The distance from bank to bank is 3,500 ft., and two lines of 

 wash-borings were made. In the portions beyond the influence 

 of the banks the depths range from a minimum of 133*2 to a 

 maximum of 268*5, with a general range from 200 to 250. 

 Again such wide variations were found and such irregularities 

 as to only justify the inference of a bed of bowlders of irreg- 

 ular upper surface. The crossing passed from Wappinger 

 limestone on the west bank to Hudson River slates on the east. 

 The details are given in iig. 15. 



The Storm King Crossing. — Some six miles south of Dans- 

 kammer the abrupt ridge of the Highlands crosses the river, 

 and Paleozoic strata give way to Archean granite. The 

 river widens in Newburgbay, so that no more lines of borings 

 were considered. Between the great granite buttresses of 

 Storm King mountain on the west and Breakneck on the east 

 it narrows to 2,800 ft., and at this point it was Anally decided 

 to locate the siphon for a number of important reasons, based 

 upon the western approach and the local geology. Detailed 

 exploration with the diamond drill was at once begun, but 

 proved an exceedingly difficult matter to prosecute because of 

 the bowlders which were encountered at two horizons. One is 

 about two hundred feet from the surface and is thin ; the other 

 is roughly four hundred feet down and is thick and trouble- 

 some. The details are shown in fig. 16, in which the relations 

 of a line of wash-borings to the actual bed-rock are brought 

 out in an interesting manner. Besides the diamond drill-holes 

 a shaft is being sunk on each bank for later use, as a part of 

 the siphon, and for horizontal diamond drill-holes when suffi- 

 cient depth is attained, to test the existence of fault-zones which 

 vertical holes could not locate. 



Hole 16 at 300 ft. from the east bank is certainly in the bed- 

 rock at about 200 ft. Hole 19 at 560 ft. out probably stopped 

 near it, but the tools met an almost impenetrable series of 

 bowlders of large size and the hole was stopped. Hole 10 is 

 not on the exact line of the others, but is 300 ft. nearly due 

 south from JS"o. 22. It is the most significant of all. It 

 caught the rock at 608*6 ft., penetrated it for 8*8 ft., bringing 

 up a core of granite identical with that on the banks. When 

 this had been attained after months of difficult work, the trag- 

 edy of the crossing occurred. A river steamer, having passed 

 the hole, suddenly became unmanageable from an accident, 

 drifted down on the drill and caused the loss of the one hole 

 which has as yet reached the bed-rock and, as we believe, pene- 

 trated it rather than a bowlder. It would indicate, therefore, 

 the bottom at a depth of 608*8 feet. 



