Geology and Mineralogy. 513 



So great an undertaking cannot be adequately reviewed here 

 and the reader will be informed only as to the manner in which 

 the study is presented. The first 30 pages summarize the methods 

 of paleogeography according to petrographies, paleontologic, 

 plant and animal data. Following these are 3 71 pages giving 

 the biogeography of geologic organisms, a study of the greatest 

 value to all desiring to know the regional and subregional distri- 

 bution of extinct floras and faunas. A valuable feature of this 

 part are the eight phylogenetic trees of the various classes of 

 organisms and their geologic origin and duration. This isfol-. 

 lowed by 71 pages in regard to the ancient continents and. oceans 

 as Northatlantis, Angara, Gondwana, the Mediterranean and 

 Antarctic regions. The Periodic Geological Appearances as 

 glacial periods, eruptive periods, times of mountain-making, 

 transgressions and cycles are discussed in 30 pages. 



The third division of the book is historical (pp. 556-611) and 

 treats of the paleogeography of the earth according to geologic 

 systems, and is illustrated by ten paleogeographic maps. Most 

 of these are reproductions of those in Freeh's Lethsea, Lapparent's 

 Traite, I^eumayr's Erdgeschichte, and Koken's Vorwelt. 



The book is a veritable storehouse of information and the three 

 hundred and four sources from which it has been garnered are 

 given on pp. 622-631. All is made readily accessible in indices 

 of nearly one hundred pages arranged under authors, organisms 

 (from classes to species), and locality-subject registers. c. s. 



2. Archhelenis unci Archinotis ; by Hermann von Ihering. 

 Pp. 350 and a paleogeographic map. Leipzig, 1907 (Wilhelm 

 Engelmann). — The Director of the Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, 

 Brazil, has studied for many years the South American floras and 

 faunas and their relationship with those of other land masses. In 

 this book he brings together his more important papers pub- 

 lished during the past thirty years and adds three new chapters. 

 His hypotheses are based in the main on the distribution of the 

 fresh-water faunas, especially the Unionidse and Decapod Crusta- 

 cea, but he also considers the neotropical flora and the Tertiary 

 marine faunas. Archiplata, embracing Chile and Argentina, 

 has distinct biotic assemblages from those of Archibrazil or Arch- 

 amazonia, i. e., Brazil south of the Amazon. The nature of the 

 barrier separating these faunas remains undetermined, as he no 

 longer holds to his former view that a sea flooded between them, 

 keeping the wonderful Tertiary mammal fauna of Patagonia out 

 of the northern region. Archiguiana refers to the lands north of 

 the Amazon and has Antillean connections. 



The southern half of Africa and Archiplata, united across the 

 Atlantic, is his Archhelenis (practically Gondwana land of Suess). 

 This vast land originates in Neumayr's Cretaceous Brazil-Ethi- 

 opian continent by breaking down in its northern Atlantic half 

 during Cretaceous and in early Eocene time, the southern portion 

 also passing beneath the sea in Oligocene time, establishing the 

 present Atlantic ocean. 



