GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN. 
143 
several clustered together, as if they had in vain sought, as 
their last refuge, the warmth that might be communicated 
by such a device. 
T 0 our own indigenous birds of this species are occasionally 
added large flights, which arrive in autumn from more north¬ 
ern parts; an instance of which is recorded by Selby, to have 
taken place on the 24th and 25th of October, 1822 : and it 
is probable that many do annually resort here for the winter, 
as their numbers are frequently observed, in the north of 
England, to increase suddenly and considerably. 
On the occurrence of a winter of unusual severity, this 
little species has been known to abandon Scotland, and the 
north of England entirely: such a circumstance has been 
recorded, in the memoirs of the Wernerian Society, to have 
taken place early in the spring of 1833; and to so distant a 
point did they appear to have continued their migration, that 
not a single pair was observed in their accustomed haunts 
until the following October, the usual time for the arrival 
of autumnal migrants from the north. These birds are found 
to reside permanently but little further north than our island ; 
they are said to remain in the Orkneys, and are also found 
to reside in some parts of Germany throughout the year. In 
hardiness they have, however, the advantage of the redbreast, 
which leaves these parts in winter. 
The summer migration of the Golden-crested Wren is 
extended northward, as far as the Arctic regions. They 
are found in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Russia, and 
from thence to the most southern parts of Europe : they 
also extend eastward to the utmost bounds of Asia. They 
seem to prefer northern and temperate parts, and are reared 
in great numbers in the pine forests in the north of Europe. 
In September and October their migration southward com¬ 
mences : they migrate in large flocks, as may be ascertained 
by the great flight mentioned by Selby, which was traced 
