BEARDED TITMOUSE. 
191 
The geographical distribution of this bird appears far less 
extended than that of others of the Paridee. It appears 
confined to the temperate parts of Europe ; and Holland, where, 
from the nature of the country, it is abundant, is, possibly, 
its northern limit. Southward of that country it is found 
in some parts of France and Italy. In England it has not 
been observed further north than Lancashire, nor does it 
appear to be generally known further towards the west than 
Gloucestershire. 
In several points of structure and habits this species differs 
from the other members of the Parus family; namely, in 
the muscular character of the stomach before mentioned, 
in its food, and in its aquatic habits. These differences have 
caused it to be removed, by some systematic authors, from 
among the Parus family, and distinguished by the generic 
title of Calamophilus. 
The entire length of this species rather exceeds six inches. 
The wing, from the carpus to the tip, measures two inches 
four lines ; the second, third, fourth, and fifth feathers are 
nearly equal in length. The tail extends about two inches 
and a quarter beyond the tips of the folded wings ; its feathers 
are graduated ; the central pair measure above three inches, 
the succeeding pairs shorten by about three lines each, and 
the outer pair is, therefore, an inch and a half shorter than 
the central one; these feathers are all rather broad and 
pointed, and very delicate in texture. The beak measures 
about four lines, the tarsi three quarters of an inch. 
The plumage of the adult male is as follows : the fore¬ 
head, top of the head, and sides of the neck, are delicate 
ash-colour; the chin, throat, and upper part of the breast, 
pure white: a moustache of intense black occupies the space 
between the bill and the eye, and descends down each side 
of the face. The back and scapulars are fawn-colour; the 
upper tail-coverts, flanks, and thighs the same; the four 
