Geology and Natter al History. 413 



During Cretaceous time, a peneplain was developed by erosion of 

 the Jurassic mountain masses. h. e. g. 



10. Explorations in Turkestan. Prehistoric Civilizations of 

 Anau. Edited by Raphael Pumpelly, Director of the Expe- 

 dition. In two volumes, 494 pages, 97 plates, figures 548. 

 Carnegie Institution, Washington, 1908. — The results of the 

 expedition of 1904 fully justify the expense and the time required 

 for preparation of results ; the two volumes, in fact, constitute 

 perhaps the most exhaustive study of deserts, desert relations, 

 and the influence of arid environments ever published. In addi- 

 tion to the studies of the director ot the expedition, contribu- 

 tions from the following authors are included : Hubert Schmidt ; 

 Homer H. Kidder; Ellsworth Huntington; F. A. Gooch ; K,. 

 Welles Pumpelly ; J. Ulrich Duerst ; G. Sergi ; Th. Mollison ; 

 H. C. Schellenberg ; Langdon Warner. The more strictly physio- 

 graphic parts are the following : Ancient Anau and the Oasis- 

 World, pp. 3-80 ; Physiography of Central Asian Deserts and 

 Oases, pp. 243-337. 



11. Glacial Bowlders in the Blaini Formation, India ; by 

 Sir T. H. Holland. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 

 vol. xxxvii, part i, pp. 129-135. Calcutta, 1908. — The Blaini 

 group of the Punjab, described by Medlicott in 1864, was 

 assumed by Oldham (Records of the Geological Survey of India, 

 vol. xx) to be of glacial origin, although definite proof was not 

 forthcoming. Unmistakable glacial bowlders, recently found in 

 this formation, are described by T. H. Holland. In connection 

 with the announcement of this discovery, Dr. Holland takes 

 occasion to discuss the age of these beds, which he no longer 

 considers to be Permian, since it is not necessary to correlate 

 them with the deposits of the Talchir (upper Carboniferous) 

 glaciation in peninsular India. This conclusion clears up many 

 difficulties in Indian stratigraphy and makes it possible to group 

 the unfossiliferous systems of the outer Himalayas, and those of 

 pre-Talchir (pre-upper Palaeozoic) and post-Dharwar (post-Huro- 

 nian) age in the peninsula of India. These formations, for which 

 the name Parana has been suggested, are considered wholly or 

 in part pre-Cambrian. h. e. g. 



12. The Guadalupian Fauna ; by George H. Girty. Prof. 

 Paper 58, U. S. Geol. Surv. 1908 [Feb. 1909], pp. 651, pis. 31.— 

 This extensive and very valuable monograph of the Permian 

 or Guadalupian faunas of southeastern New Mexico and south- 

 western Texas describes in great detail 326 species, of which 

 about 220 are specifically determined. Nearly all the species are 

 new and the various biota are strikingly different from any other 

 American late Paleozoic formations. In fact the author finds it 

 very difficult to compare the Guadalupian faunas with any other 

 because they maintain a highly individual facies. The only com- 

 parisons that can be made, and these but sparingly, are with the 



Am. Jour. Sci.— Fourth Series, Vol. XXVII, No. 161.— May, 1909. 



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