VOL. XXVIII. AUGUST, 1909. 



Established by BENJAMIN SIILIMAN in 1818. 



THE 



AMEEICAN 



JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 



Editor: EDWARD S. DANA. 



ASSOCIATE EDITORS 



Professors GEORGE L. GOODALE, JOHN TROWBRIDGE, 

 W. G. FARLOW and WM. M. DAVIS, of Cambridge, 



Professors ADDISON E. VERRILL, HORACE L. WELLS, 

 L. V. PIRSSON and H. E. GREGORY, of New Haven, 



Professor GEORGE F. BARKER, of Philadelphia, 

 Professor HENRY S. WILLIAMS, of Ithaca, 

 Professor JOSEPH S. AMES, of Baltimore, 

 Mr. J. S. DILLER, of Washington. 



FOURTH SERIES 



VOL. XX YIII— [WHOLE NUMBER, CLXXVIIL] 



No. 164— AUGUST, 1909. 



NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT. 



1909. 



THE TUTTLE, MOREHOUSE & TAYLOR CO., PRINTERS, 123 TEMPLE STREET. 



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