202 1. Bowman — Physiography of the Central Andes. 



the region are also easy to read, like those on the coast, but 

 depend for their recognition upon a wholly different set of 

 land-form relationships. These, and the considerations to 

 which they give rise, will form the substance of the succeed- 

 ing paragraphs. 



Fig. 4. 



Iquiqoe Volcanoes Surmounting Eastern Plateau 



i CoastRanges tfreiWestenn Plateau Santa Rosa 



■ : Salars Llica Oruro Cochobamba Piedmont 



■ ; Piedmont I ■ Great Central BasiVi jPlair.s 



Iquique 



Coast Ranges 

 ■ Pica 



Lake Hyasco 



Si-lh lica. Pass Salars of U^uni 



Quebrada Pica L^>n^s^ ' !. c a andCoipasa Lake Poopo' 



A WESTERN PLATEAU 



Western Front T ^ "u' £"t h C ' ty ° f 



SlaTes. Quartzites 



Easter-nFrent 

 Pi^s dmont 

 : Santa Rose 



B EASTE R N 



PLATEAU 



Fig. 4. Semi-diagrammatic topographic cross-section of typical condi- 

 tions from Iquique, Chile, to Santa Kosa, Bolivia. ■. 



The dominating features of the central Andes (tig. 4) are 

 two great plateaus with a central basin between them. The 

 plateaus trend north and south and are depicted on the physi- 

 cal maps as two roughly-parallel mountain chains commonly 

 referred to as the Eastern and Western Ancles. In Bolivia, the 

 eastern Ancles are frequently and variously designated as the 

 Cordillera Oriental, Eastern Cordillera, Cordillera of the East, or 

 the Cordillera Real, the latter being an improper extension of the 

 specific term applied to the lofty snow-capped mountain range 

 near La Paz that is terminated on the south by El Illiinani 

 and on the north by Sorata. The Western Andes are usually 

 called the Maritime Cordillera,* a generic term applied to the 

 aggregations of individual peaks and short volcanic ranges 

 which surmount the western plateau. In addition, specific 

 terms are applied to the culminating ranges. Thus, on the 

 boundary between Chile and Bolivia, latitude 20° south, there 

 is the Cerro de Sillilica, just as in southern Peru the mountain 

 knot at Yilcanote is called the Cerro de Yilcanote. Likewise 

 in the eastern plateau the exceptional heights or the crests of 

 the declivities that border basins and valleys are given specific 

 names, as the Tunari cle Cochabamba, the Cerro de Cliza, the 

 Cordillera de Potosi, etc. 



•C. R. Markham, Bolivia (Mills's International Geography, p. 840, 1901). 



