﻿32 
  21udge 
  — 
  Mouth 
  of 
  Grand 
  River. 
  

  

  the 
  coiTiitry 
  tlirongh 
  which 
  the 
  latter 
  flows 
  is 
  composed 
  chiefly 
  

   of 
  loose 
  drift 
  materials, 
  well 
  calculated 
  to 
  supply 
  to^the 
  stream 
  

   large 
  quantities 
  of 
  sediment, 
  which, 
  in 
  obedience 
  to 
  a 
  well 
  

   known 
  law 
  of 
  river 
  action, 
  would 
  be 
  j)recipitated 
  at 
  the 
  point 
  

   where 
  the 
  stream 
  joined 
  its 
  waters 
  with 
  a 
  body 
  of 
  still 
  water 
  

   or 
  with 
  a 
  slower 
  stream. 
  In 
  this 
  case 
  such 
  deposition 
  took 
  

   place 
  at 
  the 
  old 
  mouth, 
  and 
  in 
  consequence 
  the 
  wide 
  valley 
  

   here 
  exhibits 
  some 
  interesting 
  features. 
  

  

  The 
  flrst 
  of 
  these 
  to 
  attract 
  the 
  attention 
  of 
  the 
  observer 
  is 
  

   the 
  curious 
  meanderings 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  streams 
  before 
  a 
  junction 
  

   is 
  effected. 
  The 
  Maple 
  River, 
  which 
  occupies 
  the 
  old 
  valley 
  

   above 
  this 
  place, 
  flows 
  in 
  a 
  channel 
  near 
  the 
  center 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  

   until 
  a 
  jDoint 
  opposite 
  the 
  old 
  mouth 
  is 
  reached, 
  when 
  it 
  veers 
  

   over 
  against 
  the 
  north 
  wall 
  of 
  the 
  valley 
  (see 
  map). 
  The 
  

   Grand, 
  coming 
  in 
  from 
  the 
  south, 
  makes 
  its 
  way 
  through 
  the 
  

   mass 
  of 
  old 
  sediments 
  (actually 
  flowing 
  " 
  up 
  stream 
  " 
  with 
  

   reference 
  to 
  the 
  glacial 
  valley, 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  do 
  soj, 
  until 
  within 
  

   a 
  few 
  rods 
  of 
  the 
  Maple, 
  and 
  then 
  turns 
  down 
  the 
  valley 
  and 
  

   flows 
  nearly 
  parallel 
  with 
  the 
  Maple 
  for 
  some 
  distance 
  before 
  

   forming 
  a 
  junction, 
  beyond 
  which 
  the 
  united 
  streams 
  keep 
  

   close 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  valley 
  for 
  four 
  or 
  Ave 
  miles- 
  It 
  

   is 
  readily 
  seen 
  that 
  these 
  peculiar 
  conditions 
  are 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  

   clogging 
  of 
  the 
  valley, 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  indicated 
  by 
  A 
  on 
  the 
  

   map, 
  by 
  the 
  abundant 
  sediment 
  brought 
  down 
  by 
  the 
  Grand. 
  

   There 
  is 
  a 
  marked 
  contrast 
  between 
  this 
  area 
  of 
  abundant 
  sedi- 
  

   ment 
  and 
  that 
  a 
  little 
  farther 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  on 
  the 
  opposite 
  side 
  

   of 
  the 
  Grand. 
  The 
  latter 
  is 
  subject 
  to 
  overflow 
  during 
  freshet 
  

   periods, 
  while 
  the 
  former 
  is 
  built 
  up 
  to 
  a 
  considerable 
  height 
  

   above 
  high 
  water. 
  These 
  conditions 
  continue 
  for 
  about 
  tsvo 
  

   miles 
  down 
  the 
  valley, 
  along 
  the 
  south 
  side, 
  the 
  fllling 
  being 
  

   so 
  extensive 
  that 
  the 
  steep 
  bluffs 
  are 
  partly 
  obliterated, 
  being 
  

   replaced 
  by 
  a 
  more 
  gentle 
  declivity. 
  A 
  well-defined 
  terrace, 
  

   which 
  will 
  be 
  again 
  referred 
  to 
  farther 
  on, 
  also 
  tends 
  to 
  destroy 
  

   the 
  bluff 
  feature. 
  Immediately 
  above 
  the 
  mouth 
  the 
  bluffs 
  

   are 
  again 
  steep 
  and 
  prom.inent. 
  

  

  Some 
  terraces 
  about 
  the 
  old 
  mouth 
  are 
  of 
  considerable 
  sig- 
  

   nificance. 
  When 
  Mr. 
  Taylor 
  examined 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  

   Pewamo 
  outlet 
  in 
  1896, 
  he 
  called 
  on 
  the 
  writer 
  at 
  Ionia 
  and 
  

   together 
  we 
  searched 
  in 
  that 
  vicinity 
  for 
  terrace 
  remnants 
  that 
  

   might 
  indicate 
  the 
  height 
  of 
  the 
  water 
  in 
  the 
  glacial 
  stream, 
  

   but 
  found 
  nothing 
  of 
  a 
  definite 
  character. 
  I 
  suggested 
  to 
  him 
  

   that 
  such 
  terraces 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  sheltered 
  and 
  preserved 
  

   about 
  this 
  old 
  river 
  mouth, 
  but 
  rain 
  and 
  lack 
  of 
  time 
  prevented 
  

   a 
  visit. 
  I 
  have 
  since 
  had 
  opportunity 
  to 
  study 
  the 
  locality, 
  

   and 
  am 
  able 
  to 
  report 
  several 
  well-defined 
  and 
  quite 
  extensive 
  

   terraces. 
  

  

  