﻿84 
  Scientific 
  Intelligence. 
  

  

  12. 
  The 
  Characters 
  of 
  Crystals 
  ; 
  an 
  Introduction 
  to 
  Physical 
  

   Crystalloyraphy 
  ; 
  by 
  Alfred 
  J. 
  Moses, 
  Pp. 
  21, 
  New 
  York,' 
  1899. 
  

   (D. 
  Van 
  Nostrand 
  Company.) 
  — 
  Professor 
  Moses 
  lias 
  here 
  devel- 
  

   oped 
  and 
  presented 
  in 
  book-form 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  chapters 
  on 
  the 
  

   Geometrical 
  and 
  Physical 
  Characters. 
  of 
  Crystals, 
  the 
  substance 
  

   of 
  which 
  has 
  already 
  appeared 
  in 
  the 
  School 
  of 
  Mines 
  quarterly. 
  

   The 
  first 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  work 
  is 
  devoted 
  to 
  the 
  geometrical 
  side, 
  and 
  

   after 
  a 
  brief 
  historical 
  summary, 
  there 
  is 
  given 
  an 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  

   general 
  properties 
  of 
  crystals, 
  followed 
  by 
  a 
  discussion 
  of 
  the 
  

   thirty-two 
  groups 
  divided 
  according 
  to 
  symmetry. 
  Here 
  the 
  

   order, 
  method 
  and 
  nomenclature 
  of 
  Groth 
  are 
  followed 
  closely. 
  

   The 
  latter 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  work 
  is 
  devoted 
  to 
  physical 
  characters, 
  

   those 
  relating 
  to 
  light 
  occupying 
  by 
  far 
  the 
  larger 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  

   space. 
  The 
  presentation 
  throughout 
  is 
  concise 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  main 
  

   simple; 
  many 
  students 
  will 
  find 
  the 
  work 
  interesting 
  and 
  helpful, 
  

   for 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  assume 
  a 
  special 
  knowledge 
  of 
  Mineralogy. 
  

  

  III. 
  Botany. 
  

  

  1. 
  Yariation 
  under 
  grafting^ 
  and 
  the 
  heredity 
  of 
  acquired 
  

   characters 
  ; 
  by 
  L. 
  Daniel. 
  Ami. 
  sc. 
  nat., 
  April 
  and 
  May^ 
  

   1899. 
  — 
  M. 
  Daniel 
  has 
  conducted 
  his 
  interesting 
  studies 
  in 
  regard 
  

   to 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  the 
  scion 
  on 
  the 
  stock 
  and 
  the 
  origination 
  of 
  vari- 
  

   ation 
  thereby, 
  for 
  almost 
  ten 
  years. 
  He 
  has 
  made 
  his 
  work 
  logic- 
  

   ally 
  comparative, 
  and 
  has, 
  in 
  this 
  way, 
  contributed 
  some 
  very 
  

   important 
  facts 
  to 
  the 
  literature 
  of 
  the 
  subject. 
  He 
  insists 
  that 
  a 
  

   broad 
  distinction 
  must 
  be 
  drawn 
  between 
  the 
  behaviour 
  of 
  a 
  

   cutting 
  and 
  an 
  implanted 
  graft. 
  The 
  former 
  lias 
  in 
  the 
  soil 
  the 
  

   nutritive 
  conditions 
  of 
  its 
  parent; 
  the 
  graft 
  is 
  tributary 
  at 
  once 
  

   to 
  the 
  stock 
  in 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  fastened 
  and 
  places 
  it 
  at 
  once 
  under 
  

   contribution. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  a 
  matter 
  of 
  parasitism, 
  for 
  the 
  scion, 
  

   with 
  its 
  leaves, 
  is 
  to 
  aid 
  in 
  providing 
  elaborated 
  matters 
  for 
  the 
  

   stock, 
  but, 
  nevertheless, 
  it 
  demands 
  crude 
  materials 
  from 
  the 
  soil 
  

   through 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  stock. 
  

  

  The 
  graft 
  and 
  grafted 
  plant 
  must 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  a 
  case 
  under 
  

   the 
  general 
  law 
  that 
  change 
  of 
  environment 
  may, 
  or 
  rather, 
  must 
  

   modify 
  form 
  and 
  structure. 
  Variation 
  from 
  grafting 
  is 
  a 
  Junction 
  

   of 
  modifications 
  brought 
  about 
  in 
  the 
  general 
  nutrition 
  of 
  the 
  

   two 
  plants. 
  This 
  modification 
  may 
  be 
  direct 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  

   the 
  somatic 
  union, 
  or 
  indirect 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  instance 
  of 
  the 
  blending 
  

   of 
  the 
  germ-plasma 
  from 
  two 
  sources. 
  The 
  author 
  makes 
  the 
  

   statement 
  that 
  the 
  gernirplasnia 
  can 
  be 
  affected 
  from 
  the 
  first 
  

   generation 
  in 
  the 
  graft, 
  contrary 
  to 
  the 
  law 
  laid 
  down 
  by 
  Weiss- 
  

   man 
  n. 
  

  

  The 
  graft 
  and 
  stock 
  introduce 
  variations 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  very 
  

   slight 
  and 
  liable 
  to 
  be 
  overlooked, 
  but 
  carefully 
  considered 
  these 
  

   variations 
  are 
  seen 
  to 
  be 
  generally 
  conservative. 
  And 
  as 
  the 
  

   graft 
  can 
  convey 
  in 
  perpetuity 
  an 
  accidental 
  variation, 
  these 
  

   accidental 
  variations 
  ot.the 
  second 
  order 
  can 
  themselves 
  be 
  trans- 
  

   mitted 
  eft(»ctively. 
  If 
  the 
  infiuence 
  of 
  a 
  graft 
  on 
  a 
  plnstic 
  soma 
  

  

  