﻿F. 
  W. 
  Sardeson 
  — 
  Lichenaria 
  typa 
  W. 
  (& 
  S. 
  101 
  

  

  Art. 
  IX. 
  — 
  Lichenaria 
  typa 
  W. 
  & 
  S. 
  ; 
  by 
  F. 
  W. 
  Sakdeson. 
  

  

  The 
  purpose 
  of 
  this 
  article 
  is 
  to 
  redescribe 
  an 
  important 
  

   Tabulate 
  coral 
  from 
  the 
  Ordovician 
  fauna 
  of 
  Minnesota, 
  which 
  

   has 
  been 
  wrongly 
  referred. 
  It 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  oldest 
  known 
  

   Tabulata 
  and 
  its 
  remarkably 
  simple 
  structure 
  may 
  be 
  primitive 
  

   to 
  that 
  of 
  many 
  others. 
  It 
  should 
  therefore 
  be 
  o-iven 
  considera- 
  

   tion 
  whenever 
  the 
  question 
  of 
  origin 
  and 
  affinities 
  of 
  such 
  

   Tabulata 
  as 
  Heliolites^ 
  Favosites^ 
  Syvingopova^ 
  et 
  at., 
  is 
  dis- 
  

   cussed, 
  — 
  a 
  question 
  upon 
  which 
  paleontologists 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  not 
  

   of 
  one 
  opinion. 
  Lichenaria 
  presents 
  some 
  special 
  evidence 
  

   touching 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  mural 
  pores 
  as 
  seen 
  in 
  many 
  Tabulata, 
  

   and 
  some 
  remarks 
  on 
  that 
  subject 
  will 
  therefore 
  be 
  added 
  to 
  

   the 
  description. 
  

  

  Lichenaria 
  typa 
  W". 
  tfc 
  S., 
  with 
  Protarceay 
  vetusta 
  H. 
  and 
  

   Aidopora 
  trentonensis 
  W. 
  ifc: 
  S., 
  occurs 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   Galena 
  (Trenton) 
  stage, 
  i. 
  e. 
  at 
  about 
  the 
  exact 
  horizon 
  of 
  the 
  

   Black 
  Kiver 
  formation 
  of 
  i^ew 
  York. 
  Its 
  occurrence 
  is 
  there- 
  

   fore 
  a 
  little 
  earlier 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  Hoiighlonia 
  {Columnopora), 
  

   Heliolites 
  and 
  other 
  Ordovician 
  Tabulata 
  excepting 
  some 
  Mon- 
  

   ticuliporoidea, 
  although 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  considered 
  as 
  essentially 
  

   their 
  contemporary. 
  Further, 
  Lichenaria 
  approaches 
  in 
  struc- 
  

   ture 
  nearest 
  to 
  Columnopora 
  Xicholson 
  as 
  interpreted 
  by 
  me 
  

   formerly,"^ 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  different 
  from 
  LLoughtonia 
  Rominger, 
  

   which 
  Lindstrom 
  has 
  recently 
  asserted 
  to 
  be 
  identical 
  with 
  

   Coliiinnopora\ 
  {Ccdap)oecia 
  Bill). 
  In 
  fact 
  Hominger 
  and 
  also 
  

   Nicholson 
  having 
  both 
  said 
  that 
  the 
  same 
  were 
  probably 
  con- 
  

   generic, 
  while 
  the 
  descriptions 
  of 
  their 
  species 
  are 
  very 
  

   different, 
  a 
  mistake 
  of 
  some 
  kind 
  is 
  evident, 
  and 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  

   best 
  eliminated 
  by 
  following 
  the 
  authority 
  of 
  Lindstrom, 
  loc. 
  

   cit. 
  In 
  that 
  case, 
  my 
  interpretation 
  of 
  Nicholson's 
  Columno- 
  

   pora 
  is 
  faulty 
  also. 
  If 
  it 
  were 
  not 
  so, 
  however, 
  Lichenaria 
  

   would 
  be 
  very 
  near 
  if 
  not 
  congeneric 
  with 
  ColumnopoTa 
  as 
  

   interpreted 
  by 
  me 
  and 
  ranged 
  with 
  Michelinia. 
  It 
  is 
  there- 
  

   fore 
  of 
  interest 
  to 
  know 
  that 
  a 
  species 
  of 
  nearly 
  the 
  same 
  

   structure 
  and 
  geologic 
  age 
  as 
  Columnopora 
  Sardeson 
  non 
  

   Nicholson, 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  which 
  Lindstrom 
  has 
  inadvertently 
  

   denied, 
  does 
  nevertheless 
  exist. 
  

  

  Winchell 
  and 
  Schuchert, 
  in 
  describing 
  Lichenaria^ 
  referred 
  

   it 
  to 
  the 
  family 
  Astr?eid?e 
  of 
  the 
  Madreporaria 
  Aporosa, 
  and 
  

   their 
  description 
  is 
  unfortunate 
  throughout. 
  The 
  fossil 
  may 
  

   be 
  recognized, 
  however, 
  from 
  the 
  illustrations, 
  and 
  also 
  since 
  

   part 
  of 
  the 
  type 
  specimens 
  were 
  received 
  from 
  me 
  and 
  

  

  *Tabulaten, 
  Neues 
  Jahrb. 
  Beilageband, 
  x, 
  p. 
  295 
  (1896). 
  

  

  f 
  Helioliddse, 
  Kongl. 
  Svenska 
  Yetenskaps-Akad. 
  Handlingar, 
  vol. 
  xxxii, 
  p. 
  75. 
  

   (1899). 
  

  

  