﻿106 
  

  

  T. 
  Holm 
  — 
  Studies 
  in 
  the 
  CyperacefJB. 
  

  

  But 
  if 
  we 
  summarize 
  the 
  

   various 
  causes 
  of 
  diseases 
  and 
  

   abnormal 
  development 
  as 
  we 
  

   know 
  these 
  in 
  the 
  Cypermceeey 
  

   these 
  do 
  not 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  

   been 
  produced 
  bj 
  animals, 
  

   neither 
  as 
  ekto- 
  or 
  endo-para- 
  

   sites. 
  It 
  may, 
  therefore, 
  be 
  

   of 
  some, 
  interest 
  to 
  report 
  an 
  

   instance 
  where 
  a 
  Carex, 
  C. 
  

   stipata 
  Muhl., 
  had 
  become 
  

   infested 
  by 
  Lima 
  vernalis 
  

   Fitch,^ 
  which 
  had 
  caused 
  the 
  

   foliar 
  organs 
  to 
  develop 
  very 
  

   abnormally. 
  t 
  The 
  specimens 
  

   of 
  this 
  Carex 
  we 
  found 
  grow- 
  

   ing 
  under 
  natural 
  conditions, 
  

   in 
  damp 
  places 
  in 
  woods 
  

   near 
  Surratsville, 
  Pr. 
  George 
  

   County, 
  Maryland. 
  They 
  at- 
  

   tracted 
  our 
  attention 
  by 
  the 
  

   unusual 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  leaves, 
  

   which 
  furthermore 
  were 
  pure 
  

   white 
  excepting 
  at 
  the 
  tips, 
  

   which 
  were 
  pale 
  green. 
  The 
  

   specimens 
  afiected 
  in 
  this 
  

   way 
  were 
  not, 
  however, 
  dis- 
  

   eased 
  throughout, 
  as 
  several 
  

   normally 
  developed 
  shoots, 
  

   floral 
  and 
  vegetative, 
  were 
  

   found 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  rhizomes 
  

   that 
  bore 
  the 
  hypertrophied. 
  

   The 
  accompanying 
  illustra- 
  

   tion 
  (fig. 
  1) 
  shows 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  a 
  

   diseased 
  specimen 
  with 
  the 
  

   base 
  of 
  a 
  normal 
  flower-bear- 
  

   ing 
  stem 
  and 
  two 
  abnormally 
  

   developed 
  vegetative 
  shoots. 
  

   Besides 
  having 
  attained 
  an 
  

   unusual 
  width 
  and 
  being 
  

   almost 
  destitute 
  of 
  chloro- 
  

   phyll, 
  these 
  hypertrophied 
  

   leaves 
  were 
  furthermore 
  flat 
  

   io|e7reaves''ard7he 
  base 
  along 
  their 
  entire 
  length 
  with- 
  

   stem, 
  which 
  is 
  not 
  out 
  the 
  usual 
  tubular 
  sheath, 
  

   diseased; 
  uaturai 
  size. 
  ^\^q 
  larvge 
  of 
  the 
  parasite 
  

  

  y 
  * 
  The 
  writer 
  is 
  indebted 
  to 
  Dr. 
  Eng. 
  A. 
  Schwartz 
  for 
  the 
  identification 
  of 
  Livia. 
  

   \ 
  Compare 
  Buchenau 
  Fr, 
  Ueber 
  KnoUen- 
  und 
  Zwiebel-bilduug 
  bei 
  den 
  Juncaceen 
  

   (Flora, 
  1891, 
  p. 
  81). 
  

  

  Fig 
  1. 
  Car 
  ece 
  stipata 
  yL\x\\\. 
  Diseased 
  

   specimen, 
  showing 
  two 
  leafy 
  shoots 
  with 
  

   abnormally 
  deve 
  

   of 
  a 
  flower-beating 
  

  

  