﻿Miscellaneous 
  Intelligence, 
  237 
  

  

  5. 
  Clays 
  and 
  Clay 
  Industries 
  of 
  Pennsylvania. 
  (1) 
  Clays 
  of 
  

   Western 
  Pennsylvania 
  in 
  Part: 
  by 
  Thomas 
  C. 
  Hopkins. 
  — 
  This 
  

   volume 
  is 
  issued 
  as 
  an 
  appendix 
  to 
  the 
  Annual 
  Report 
  of 
  the 
  

   Pennsylvania 
  State 
  College, 
  for 
  1897. 
  In 
  it 
  Professor 
  Hopkins 
  

   has 
  given 
  an 
  interesting 
  and 
  instructive 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  various 
  

   clays 
  obtained 
  in 
  Western 
  Pennsylvania, 
  and 
  further 
  a 
  description 
  

   of 
  the 
  industries 
  connected 
  with 
  their 
  use. 
  Numerous 
  excellent 
  

   illustrations 
  accompany 
  both 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  subject. 
  

  

  11. 
  Miscellaneous 
  Scientific 
  Intelligence. 
  

  

  1. 
  Eruption 
  of 
  Mauna 
  Loa. 
  — 
  Honolulu 
  papers 
  of 
  July 
  8 
  to 
  10 
  

   contain 
  accounts 
  of 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  an 
  eruption 
  of 
  the 
  volcano 
  of 
  

   Mauna 
  Loa, 
  on 
  Hawaii. 
  Early 
  in 
  the 
  morning 
  of 
  July 
  4th, 
  one 
  

   observer 
  says, 
  "an 
  immense 
  column 
  of 
  smoke 
  and 
  steam 
  was 
  seen 
  

   rising 
  from 
  the 
  crater 
  of 
  Mokuaweoweo. 
  It 
  was 
  pierced 
  through 
  

   with 
  the 
  light 
  from 
  the 
  fires 
  beneath, 
  until 
  it 
  glowed 
  and 
  shone 
  

   like 
  a 
  column 
  of 
  fiery 
  light, 
  resplendent 
  beyond 
  description, 
  and 
  

   reflecting 
  its 
  burning 
  glow 
  over 
  the 
  whole 
  heavens. 
  The 
  column 
  

   seemed 
  to 
  be 
  at 
  least 
  five 
  miles 
  in 
  diameter, 
  and 
  rose 
  to 
  a 
  

   tremendous 
  height. 
  On 
  Tuesday, 
  the 
  column 
  of 
  fire 
  had 
  dis- 
  

   appeared. 
  In 
  place 
  of 
  it 
  was 
  the 
  equally 
  impressive 
  glow 
  of 
  the 
  

   lava 
  as 
  it 
  broke 
  from 
  the 
  lower 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  crater 
  several 
  thousand 
  

   feet 
  lower 
  down 
  than 
  the 
  column 
  of 
  light 
  had 
  been, 
  and 
  was 
  

   thrown 
  upward 
  to 
  a 
  wonderful 
  height 
  by 
  the 
  forces 
  which 
  were 
  

   in 
  action. 
  On 
  either 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  stream, 
  whose 
  surface 
  of 
  fiery 
  

   red 
  could 
  be 
  seen 
  like 
  a 
  line 
  of 
  glowing 
  molten 
  metal, 
  were 
  two 
  

   cones 
  which 
  had 
  formed 
  since 
  the 
  eruption 
  began. 
  It 
  was 
  from 
  

   these 
  that 
  the 
  lava 
  was 
  being 
  ejected. 
  It 
  was 
  thrown 
  up 
  in 
  fiery 
  

   cascades 
  high 
  in 
  the 
  air. 
  These 
  cascades, 
  in 
  falling, 
  built 
  np 
  the 
  

   cones, 
  and 
  the 
  molten 
  lava 
  running 
  off 
  from 
  these 
  formed 
  the 
  

   stream 
  flowing 
  off" 
  toward 
  Hilo. 
  It 
  w^ould 
  be 
  hard 
  to 
  say 
  how 
  

   high 
  these 
  cones 
  were, 
  perhaps 
  somewhere 
  between 
  500 
  and 
  1000 
  

   feet 
  high, 
  and 
  half 
  a 
  mile 
  in 
  diameter, 
  and 
  five 
  miles 
  apart." 
  A 
  

   later 
  account 
  mentions 
  three 
  lava 
  streams, 
  one 
  in 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  

   Hilo, 
  another 
  off 
  through 
  Kau 
  to 
  the 
  southeast, 
  and 
  a 
  third 
  

   toward 
  the 
  crater 
  of 
  Kilauea. 
  

  

  Attention 
  may 
  be 
  called 
  in 
  this 
  connection 
  to 
  a 
  paper 
  by 
  Mr. 
  

   C. 
  J. 
  Lyons 
  of 
  Honolulu 
  on 
  " 
  Sun 
  Spots 
  and 
  Hawaiian 
  Vol- 
  

   canoes 
  " 
  published 
  in 
  the 
  April 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  Monthly 
  Weather 
  

   Review, 
  The 
  author 
  gives 
  a 
  table 
  of 
  the 
  years 
  of 
  minimum 
  sun 
  

   spots 
  for 
  the 
  past 
  century, 
  with 
  the 
  dates 
  of 
  prominent 
  volcanic 
  

   eruptions 
  of 
  Kilauea 
  or 
  Mauna 
  Loa, 
  showing 
  a 
  striking 
  cor- 
  

   respondence 
  between 
  the 
  times 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  phenomena. 
  As 
  pointed 
  

   out 
  by 
  the 
  editor 
  of 
  the 
  Review, 
  however, 
  a 
  more 
  thorough 
  

   investigation 
  is 
  needed 
  to 
  prove 
  that 
  the 
  coincidence 
  noted 
  is 
  due 
  

   to 
  a 
  real 
  causal 
  connection. 
  

  

  The 
  table 
  referred 
  to 
  is 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  

  

  