﻿310 
  Scientific 
  Intelligence. 
  

  

  by 
  the 
  present 
  treatise 
  and 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  some 
  portions 
  of 
  Cali- 
  

   fornia, 
  especially 
  the 
  higher 
  mountains, 
  have 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  

   thoroughly 
  explored. 
  While, 
  on 
  the 
  one 
  hand, 
  the 
  small 
  rainfall 
  

   of 
  the 
  lower 
  districts 
  is 
  unfavorable 
  to 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  a 
  rich 
  

   bryophytic 
  vegetation, 
  the 
  greater 
  height 
  of 
  the 
  mountains 
  as 
  

   compared 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Eastern 
  States 
  is 
  favorable 
  to 
  such 
  

   development. 
  Two 
  facts 
  are 
  brought 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  table, 
  viz., 
  the 
  

   number 
  of 
  species 
  peculiar 
  to 
  the 
  Pacific 
  is 
  proportionally 
  greater 
  

   than 
  of 
  those 
  peculiar 
  to 
  the 
  region 
  of 
  Gray'u 
  Manual, 
  and 
  the 
  

   hepatic 
  flora 
  of 
  California 
  has 
  more 
  in 
  common 
  with 
  Europe 
  than 
  

   with 
  the 
  eastern 
  and 
  central 
  United 
  States. 
  The 
  author 
  has 
  not 
  

   only 
  brought 
  together 
  what 
  was 
  previously 
  known 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  

   structure 
  and 
  nomenclature 
  of 
  California 
  hepatics, 
  but 
  he 
  has 
  also 
  

   contributed 
  a 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  original 
  observations 
  in 
  his 
  descrip- 
  

   tions 
  and 
  the 
  accompanying 
  notes, 
  and 
  the 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  illus- 
  

   trations 
  add 
  greatly 
  to 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  this 
  excellent 
  monograph. 
  

  

  w. 
  G. 
  F. 
  

  

  3. 
  Calif 
  ornian 
  Hypogceous 
  Fungi 
  ; 
  by 
  H. 
  W. 
  Haekxess. 
  

   Proc. 
  California 
  Acad. 
  Sci., 
  3d 
  Series, 
  vol. 
  i, 
  No. 
  8, 
  pp. 
  241-292, 
  

   pi. 
  xlii-xlv. 
  Issued 
  July 
  8, 
  1899. 
  — 
  Our 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  

   hypogseous 
  fungi 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  has 
  hitherto 
  been 
  very 
  

   imperfect. 
  Beyond 
  occasional 
  references 
  in 
  mycological 
  writings 
  

   and 
  in 
  the 
  special 
  papers 
  by 
  W. 
  R. 
  Gerard, 
  we 
  are 
  indebted 
  

   mainly 
  to 
  the 
  previous 
  papers 
  of 
  Dr. 
  Harkness 
  for 
  what 
  we 
  know 
  

   about 
  our 
  native 
  species. 
  The 
  present 
  monograph 
  is 
  the 
  first 
  

   extended 
  treatise 
  on 
  the 
  subject 
  and 
  is 
  destined 
  to 
  become 
  a 
  

   classic 
  in 
  North 
  American 
  mycology. 
  We 
  are 
  now 
  able 
  lor 
  the 
  

   first 
  time 
  to 
  recognize 
  that, 
  contrary 
  to 
  the 
  general 
  opinion, 
  the 
  

   hypogseous 
  forms 
  are 
  represented 
  by 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  species 
  in 
  

   this 
  country. 
  The 
  detection 
  of 
  hypoggeous 
  fungi 
  is 
  very 
  difficult 
  

   because 
  in 
  nearly 
  all 
  cases 
  they 
  exhibit 
  above 
  ground 
  no 
  evidence 
  

   of 
  their 
  existence. 
  Long 
  experience 
  and 
  great 
  patience 
  are 
  neces- 
  

   sary 
  to 
  discover 
  them 
  and 
  the 
  collections 
  of 
  Dr. 
  Harkness 
  repre- 
  

   sent 
  the 
  labor 
  of 
  many 
  years. 
  The 
  district 
  examined 
  specially 
  

   by 
  him 
  extended 
  from 
  the 
  northern 
  State 
  line 
  of 
  California 
  to 
  

   the 
  Tehachappi 
  range 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  Donner 
  

   Lake 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  to 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast. 
  The 
  best 
  locality 
  for 
  most 
  

   species 
  was 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  foot 
  hills 
  at 
  an 
  elevation 
  of 
  about 
  

   1500 
  feet 
  and 
  the 
  most 
  productive 
  season 
  was 
  early 
  spring. 
  Ro- 
  

   dents 
  it 
  appears 
  are 
  very 
  fond 
  of 
  the 
  mature 
  fungi, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  

   especially 
  destructive 
  to 
  forms 
  which 
  grow 
  under 
  Sequoias. 
  

  

  The 
  number 
  of 
  species 
  described 
  is 
  105 
  besides 
  three 
  species, 
  

   Sphoeria 
  Setchellii 
  Harkness, 
  S. 
  Zohelii 
  Tul, 
  and 
  Sjwrophaga 
  

   cyanea, 
  the 
  type 
  of 
  a 
  new 
  genus, 
  which 
  are 
  parasitic 
  on 
  different 
  

   Tuberacese. 
  Of 
  the 
  25 
  genera 
  included 
  in 
  this 
  monograph 
  Leu- 
  

   cophleps, 
  Myrmecocystis, 
  Piersonia 
  and 
  Terfeziopsis 
  are 
  new 
  to 
  

   science. 
  The 
  new 
  species 
  number 
  56, 
  of 
  which 
  8 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  

   genus 
  Tuber, 
  7 
  to 
  Hymenogaster 
  and 
  5 
  to 
  Octaviania 
  and 
  Leuco- 
  

   phleps. 
  For 
  a 
  detailed 
  account 
  the 
  reader 
  must 
  be 
  referred 
  to 
  

   descriptions 
  and 
  notes 
  of 
  Dr. 
  Harkness 
  given 
  in 
  his 
  monograph, 
  

  

  