﻿F. 
  H. 
  Bigelow 
  — 
  International 
  Cloud 
  Work. 
  435 
  

  

  upon 
  the 
  condensation 
  of 
  aqueous 
  vapor 
  into 
  water. 
  Also, 
  

   some 
  observations 
  discussed 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Hann 
  seemed 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  

   the 
  distribution 
  of 
  the 
  temperature 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  strata 
  of 
  

   cyclones 
  and 
  anticyclones 
  is 
  not 
  consistent 
  with 
  the 
  principles 
  

   of 
  the 
  vertical 
  convectional 
  theory. 
  Since 
  there 
  exists 
  this 
  

   lack 
  of 
  harmony 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  main 
  theory 
  of 
  the 
  motions 
  of 
  the 
  

   atmosphere, 
  it 
  is 
  no 
  wonder 
  that 
  progress 
  has 
  been 
  very 
  slow 
  

   in 
  reducing 
  meteorology 
  to 
  a 
  strictly 
  scientific 
  basis 
  on 
  its 
  

   theoretical 
  side. 
  Accompanying 
  this 
  confusion 
  in 
  the 
  theory, 
  

   the 
  authors 
  have 
  seldom 
  been 
  fortunate 
  enough 
  to 
  adopt 
  the 
  

   same 
  notation 
  for 
  their 
  mathematical 
  discussions, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  

   study 
  of 
  this 
  subject 
  has 
  been 
  unusually 
  wearisome 
  to 
  all 
  those 
  

   who 
  have 
  had 
  no 
  strong 
  motive 
  for 
  undertaking 
  such 
  work. 
  

  

  It 
  seemed 
  to 
  me, 
  therefore, 
  desirable 
  to 
  construct 
  a 
  standard 
  

   system 
  of 
  equations 
  covering 
  the 
  entire 
  subject, 
  and 
  to 
  trans- 
  

   pose 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  papers 
  into 
  that 
  system, 
  at 
  least 
  to 
  

   such 
  an 
  extent 
  that 
  a 
  student 
  would 
  have 
  but 
  little 
  trouble 
  in 
  

   following 
  the 
  writings 
  of 
  one 
  author 
  and 
  comparing 
  the 
  others, 
  

   by 
  means 
  of 
  this 
  exposition. 
  Several 
  original 
  solutions 
  cover- 
  

   ing 
  important 
  ground 
  have 
  been 
  introduced, 
  with 
  the 
  object 
  of 
  

   bringing 
  the 
  formulge 
  into 
  practical 
  working 
  forms. 
  These 
  

   include 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  equations 
  of 
  motion 
  in 
  rect- 
  

   angular, 
  cylindrical, 
  and 
  polar 
  coordinates, 
  the 
  treatment 
  of 
  

   the 
  humidity 
  term 
  in 
  the 
  barometric 
  formulge, 
  the 
  transforma- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  thermodynamic 
  equations 
  in 
  the 
  stages 
  represented 
  

   by 
  the 
  a, 
  yS, 
  <y, 
  S, 
  processes 
  in 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  clouds, 
  and 
  in 
  

   the 
  treatment 
  of 
  the 
  equation 
  of 
  continuity 
  by 
  which 
  the 
  ver- 
  

   tical 
  component 
  of 
  motion 
  is 
  connected 
  with 
  the 
  horizontal 
  in 
  

   the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  local 
  cyclone. 
  A 
  complete 
  new 
  series 
  of 
  tables, 
  

   adapted 
  to 
  practical 
  work, 
  was 
  computed 
  from 
  these 
  sets 
  of 
  

   formulae, 
  and 
  applied 
  throughout 
  the 
  discussion 
  of 
  the 
  cloud 
  

   observations. 
  

  

  The 
  Weather 
  Bureau 
  Tables. 
  

  

  As 
  a 
  basis 
  for 
  the 
  construction 
  of 
  the 
  new 
  tables, 
  a 
  system 
  of 
  

   the 
  constants 
  employed 
  in 
  meteorology 
  was 
  selected, 
  and 
  

   many 
  of 
  the 
  immediate 
  minor 
  relations 
  defined 
  by 
  suitable 
  

   brief 
  formulge, 
  the 
  entire 
  set 
  showing 
  numerous 
  useful 
  cross 
  

   connections 
  between 
  the 
  several 
  parts. 
  The 
  primary 
  constants 
  

   are 
  substantially 
  those 
  adopted 
  by 
  the 
  International 
  Committee, 
  

   and 
  they 
  are 
  so 
  arranged 
  in 
  parallel 
  columns 
  for 
  the 
  Metric 
  

   and 
  the 
  English 
  systems 
  as 
  to 
  be 
  convenient 
  for 
  reference 
  ; 
  the 
  

   logarithms 
  of 
  the 
  numbers 
  are 
  also 
  given. 
  Many 
  minor 
  prob- 
  

   lems 
  in 
  meteorology, 
  which 
  are 
  often 
  obscure 
  in 
  a 
  wordy 
  expo- 
  

   sition, 
  are 
  readily 
  explained 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  these 
  defining 
  formulae, 
  

   since 
  these 
  are 
  more 
  definite 
  than 
  any 
  general 
  explanation. 
  

  

  In 
  preparing 
  to 
  discuss 
  the 
  physical 
  processes 
  which 
  occur 
  in 
  

   the 
  several 
  cloud 
  strata 
  at 
  heights 
  ranging 
  from 
  the 
  surface 
  to 
  

  

  