﻿442 
  F. 
  II. 
  Bigelow 
  — 
  International 
  Cloud 
  Work. 
  

  

  from 
  that 
  iudicated 
  by 
  the 
  vectors 
  of 
  motion. 
  The 
  discrepancy 
  

   between 
  gradients 
  and 
  wind 
  directions 
  in 
  the 
  mountain 
  districts 
  

   is 
  already 
  well 
  known, 
  but 
  the 
  problem 
  acquires 
  a 
  special 
  

   interest 
  from 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  these 
  new 
  charts. 
  

  

  The 
  discussion 
  of 
  the 
  nephoscope 
  observations 
  was 
  very 
  

   laborious 
  in 
  consequence 
  of 
  the 
  necessity 
  of 
  handling 
  the 
  large 
  

   mass 
  of 
  figures 
  several 
  times. 
  For 
  this 
  purpose, 
  the 
  area 
  

   surrounding 
  a 
  center 
  of 
  motion 
  was 
  subdivided 
  into 
  20 
  parts, 
  

   symmetrically 
  disposed 
  on 
  three 
  circles 
  about 
  the 
  center, 
  so 
  

   that 
  the 
  transference 
  from 
  rectangular 
  to 
  cylindrical 
  coordinates 
  

   should 
  be 
  simple. 
  The 
  right 
  hand 
  (anti-clockwise) 
  rotation, 
  

   with 
  positive 
  direction 
  "as 
  the 
  arrow 
  flies," 
  was 
  also 
  adopted. 
  

   Each 
  observation 
  was 
  located 
  in 
  the 
  proper 
  sub-area 
  according 
  

   to 
  its 
  own 
  district 
  ; 
  each 
  cloud 
  type, 
  at 
  a 
  given 
  mean 
  height, 
  

   was 
  computed 
  separately; 
  the 
  northern 
  districts 
  were 
  compiled 
  

   by 
  themselves 
  and 
  the 
  southern 
  by 
  themselves 
  ; 
  mean 
  resultants 
  

   for 
  the 
  vectors 
  were 
  found 
  for 
  each 
  sub-area 
  in 
  8 
  levels, 
  and 
  

   charts 
  of 
  the 
  circulation 
  were 
  constructed 
  by 
  accurately 
  plotting 
  

   in 
  these 
  vectors. 
  The 
  result 
  shows 
  that 
  a 
  slightly 
  sinuous 
  east- 
  

   w^ard 
  movement 
  prevails 
  over 
  the 
  high 
  and 
  low 
  areas 
  in 
  the 
  

   cirrus 
  stratum, 
  gradually 
  deepening 
  as 
  the 
  surface 
  is 
  approached, 
  

   till 
  in 
  the 
  strato-cumulus 
  the 
  gyratory 
  moveuient 
  is 
  very 
  marked, 
  

   and 
  in 
  the 
  cumulus, 
  stratus 
  and 
  wind 
  levels 
  predominant. 
  

   The 
  actual 
  velocities 
  diminish 
  from 
  40 
  meters 
  per 
  second 
  in 
  

   the 
  cirrus 
  to 
  5 
  or 
  6 
  m. 
  p. 
  s. 
  at 
  the 
  surface. 
  JN^ext 
  on 
  the 
  theorv 
  

   that 
  the 
  sinuous 
  motion 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  components 
  in 
  composition, 
  

   the 
  mean 
  rectangular 
  N-S 
  and 
  W-E 
  components 
  were 
  found 
  

   algebraically, 
  subtracted 
  from 
  the 
  total 
  vectors 
  and 
  the 
  resid- 
  

   uals 
  were 
  combined 
  in 
  a 
  secondary 
  system 
  of 
  vectors, 
  which 
  

   were 
  also 
  transferred 
  to 
  charts. 
  These 
  are 
  the 
  true 
  local 
  gyra- 
  

   tory 
  vectors 
  as 
  distinguished 
  from 
  the 
  general 
  motions 
  on 
  the 
  

   hemisphere. 
  In 
  the 
  cyclone 
  they 
  show 
  an 
  inward 
  radial 
  com- 
  

   ponent 
  from 
  the 
  hottom 
  to 
  the 
  top^ 
  and 
  nothing 
  outward 
  in 
  the 
  

   upper 
  strata, 
  as 
  Ferrel's 
  circulation 
  requii'es. 
  They 
  do 
  not 
  show 
  

   a 
  maximum 
  velocity 
  at 
  a 
  certain 
  distance 
  from 
  the 
  center 
  with 
  

   falling 
  off 
  nearer 
  it, 
  as 
  Oberbeck's 
  solution 
  demands, 
  but 
  they 
  

   increase 
  from 
  the 
  outside 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  center. 
  The 
  components 
  

   are 
  strongest 
  in 
  the 
  strato-cumulus 
  region 
  and 
  diminish 
  above 
  

   and 
  below; 
  they 
  show 
  a 
  continuous 
  inflow 
  everywhere 
  together 
  

   with 
  a 
  strong 
  rotation 
  about 
  the 
  center, 
  such 
  as 
  to 
  cause 
  a 
  true 
  

   vortex 
  with 
  discharge 
  upwards 
  througliout, 
  the 
  forced 
  upflow 
  

   being 
  injected 
  into 
  the 
  eastward 
  drift 
  which 
  carries 
  it 
  off, 
  while 
  

   at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  the 
  flow 
  is 
  somewhat 
  deflected 
  anti-clockwise. 
  

   In 
  the 
  anticyclone 
  on 
  the 
  two 
  outer 
  circles 
  750 
  and 
  1250 
  k. 
  m. 
  

   radius, 
  there 
  is 
  outflow 
  from 
  top 
  to 
  bottom 
  on 
  all 
  sides 
  ; 
  near 
  

   the 
  center 
  there 
  is 
  inflow 
  at 
  the 
  top, 
  reversal 
  at 
  the 
  middle, 
  and 
  

   outflow 
  at 
  the 
  bottom, 
  thus 
  causing 
  reversal 
  of 
  gradients 
  in 
  the 
  

  

  