﻿450 
  Edwards 
  — 
  BaGillaria 
  of 
  the 
  Occidental 
  Sea. 
  

  

  Eocene 
  Lake 
  into 
  a 
  sea 
  ; 
  for 
  its 
  size 
  entitles 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  

   the 
  Occidental 
  Sea. 
  

  

  And 
  now 
  I 
  wish 
  in 
  this 
  connection 
  to 
  say 
  why 
  I 
  place 
  the 
  

   Subplutonic 
  before 
  the 
  Miocene. 
  That 
  is 
  to 
  say, 
  the 
  Eocene 
  is 
  

   the 
  Subplotonic 
  which 
  I 
  formerly 
  published. 
  In 
  the 
  opening 
  1 
  

   shall 
  have 
  to 
  explain 
  why 
  I 
  use 
  the 
  terms 
  Subplutonic 
  and 
  

   Miocene 
  strata 
  instead 
  of 
  the 
  newer 
  Eocene 
  and 
  Neocene 
  for 
  

   these 
  layers 
  which 
  I 
  describe 
  before 
  going 
  into 
  the 
  occurrence 
  

   of 
  one 
  before 
  the 
  other, 
  as 
  i 
  shall 
  thereafter 
  do, 
  and 
  the 
  Sub- 
  

   plutonic 
  first. 
  This 
  term 
  I 
  used 
  to 
  designate 
  layers 
  of 
  Diato- 
  

   mace«, 
  as 
  they 
  were 
  then 
  called, 
  when 
  I 
  first 
  described 
  them, 
  

   now 
  about 
  thirty 
  years 
  ago. 
  When 
  I 
  come 
  to 
  study 
  the 
  de- 
  

   posits 
  of 
  DiatomacGse 
  which 
  were 
  placed 
  in 
  my 
  hands 
  by 
  Mr. 
  

   George 
  Gibbs, 
  the 
  Geologist 
  of 
  the 
  Northwest 
  Boundary 
  Sur- 
  

   vey, 
  there 
  were 
  found 
  certain 
  specimens 
  which 
  were 
  associated 
  

   with 
  eruptions 
  of 
  lava 
  and 
  constituted 
  vast 
  fields 
  on 
  the 
  

   Columbia 
  River 
  (which 
  were 
  well 
  known) 
  and 
  elsewhere. 
  The 
  

   lava 
  was 
  always 
  in 
  layers, 
  as 
  was 
  the 
  diatomaceous 
  earth, 
  and 
  

   they 
  were 
  seen 
  to 
  be 
  distinct 
  from 
  the 
  well 
  known 
  Monterey 
  

   strata, 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  placed 
  in 
  the 
  Miocene 
  Tertiary 
  by 
  Blake, 
  

   Bailey 
  and 
  Ehrenberg, 
  and 
  also 
  distinct 
  from 
  the 
  recent 
  strata, 
  

   which 
  were 
  common 
  everywhere. 
  They 
  were 
  designated 
  Sub- 
  

   plutonic, 
  being 
  found 
  beneath 
  lava. 
  This 
  name 
  was 
  given 
  to 
  

   them 
  not 
  from 
  geological 
  reasons, 
  for 
  their 
  geological 
  position 
  

   was 
  not 
  found, 
  and 
  the 
  geology 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  where 
  the}^ 
  

   occurred 
  had 
  not 
  been 
  then 
  discovered. 
  How 
  or 
  when 
  the 
  lava 
  

   appeared 
  was 
  not 
  ascertained 
  then 
  and 
  was 
  undetermined. 
  

   These 
  were 
  fresh 
  water 
  strata, 
  or 
  at 
  least 
  the 
  Diatomace^e 
  were 
  

   known 
  to 
  inhabit 
  lake 
  and 
  fresh 
  water, 
  and 
  did 
  not 
  grow 
  in 
  

   brackish 
  marshes 
  or 
  on 
  the 
  shore 
  of 
  the 
  salt 
  ocean. 
  

  

  The 
  Miocene 
  Tertiary, 
  on 
  the 
  contrary, 
  were 
  known 
  .from 
  

   analogy 
  to 
  be 
  marine. 
  That 
  is 
  to 
  say, 
  they 
  contained 
  the 
  same 
  

   Diatomacese 
  which 
  grew 
  in 
  the 
  ocean 
  along 
  the 
  shore 
  on 
  rocks 
  

   now. 
  They 
  were 
  called 
  Miocene 
  Tertiary, 
  and 
  Blake 
  supposed 
  

   them 
  to 
  be 
  analogous 
  to 
  the 
  Richmond, 
  Virginia, 
  stratum, 
  

   which 
  was 
  discovered 
  by 
  Rogers 
  and 
  placed 
  by 
  him 
  in 
  the 
  

   Miocene 
  Tertiary. 
  And 
  this 
  was 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  

   certain 
  formations 
  in 
  Europe 
  which 
  Lyell 
  had 
  placed 
  there. 
  

   This 
  was 
  found, 
  as 
  we 
  shall 
  see, 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  so. 
  The 
  Miocene 
  

   and 
  Pliocene 
  were 
  studied 
  by 
  Dall 
  and 
  Harris 
  and 
  published 
  

   in 
  the 
  U. 
  S. 
  Geological 
  Survey 
  correlation 
  papers, 
  in 
  1892. 
  

   They 
  found 
  the 
  strata 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  were 
  not 
  exactly 
  

   analogous 
  or 
  contemporaneous 
  with 
  the 
  Miocene 
  and 
  Pliocene 
  

   in 
  Europe, 
  or 
  did 
  not 
  contain 
  the 
  same 
  MoUusca, 
  and 
  therefore 
  

   they 
  erected 
  a 
  period 
  to 
  contain 
  them. 
  They 
  called 
  it 
  the 
  

   Neocene. 
  So 
  the 
  Richmond, 
  Virginia, 
  and 
  Monterey, 
  Califor- 
  

   nia, 
  were 
  marked 
  as 
  the 
  Neocene 
  or 
  Miocene 
  Tertiary 
  strata. 
  

   They 
  belong 
  to 
  a 
  period 
  which 
  is 
  recent, 
  as 
  1 
  now 
  think. 
  

  

  Newark, 
  N. 
  J. 
  

  

  