T. Holm — Anemiopsis Calif ornica. 81 



tissues from epidermis to pericambium had been thrown off 

 and replaced by some, live to six, layers of cork and a very 

 large parenchyma of secondary cortex, filled with starch or 

 sometimes interspersed with secreting cells. Towards the 

 central cylinder the cells of the cortex decrease in size and the 

 innermost layer shows somewhat the structure of a secondary 

 endodermis by its darker color and its power to resist the effect 

 of concentrated sulphuric acid. The central cylinder, how- 

 ever, shows a part of its original structure, viz : a circle of 

 nine short hadromatic rays, each consisting of a few, narrow 

 vessels (II in figure 6). These rays alternate with nine col- 

 lateral mestome-bundles in which the vessels are quite wide 

 ( Fin fig. 6), and mostly more thin-walled than the primordial. 

 Several layers of cambial tissue (C in fig. 6) are developed out- 

 side the old vessels and inside the groups of leptome, where 

 the secondary hadrome has become developed. A broad and 

 compact pith occupies the inner part of the central cylinder, 

 thus the structure of the root corresponds very well with that 

 of the stem, if it were not for the presence of the primordial 

 rays of hadrome between the collateral mestome-bundles. 



Summary. 



Being an inhabitant of moist, saline localities our plant may, 

 perhaps, be regarded as a Halophyte. The structural pecu- 

 liarities of this category of plants has been studied to some 

 extent, but as yet too little has been ascertained to enable us to 

 draw the line between Halophytes and Xerophytes or even the 

 Hydrophytes. Moreover, there are certain orders of plants in 

 which the structural peculiarities appear as characteristic of the 

 order and to some extent inherited, rather than being an expres- 

 sion of a certain mode of adaptation, such as the epharmonic 

 characters. 



Now in regard to Anemiopsis Calif ornica, it certainly 

 appears as if the structure may be defined more properly as 

 simply "pi peraceous" than either halophilous or xerophilous. 

 The most conspicuous characters — the prominently developed 

 hypoderm and the abundance of secreting cells throughout the 

 various tissues — are in conformity with the general* structure of 

 the order rather than with the Halophytes, for instance, and 

 these characters are very important. Then when we compare 

 the tables of "leaf-anatomy of salt-marsh species" in Mr. 

 Kearney's interesting paper on this subject,* we notice several 

 points by which our plant differs from his salt-marsh species. 



*The plant covering of Ocracoke Island. Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb., vol. 

 v, Washington, 1900, p. 310. 



Am. Jour. Sci.— Fourth Series, Vol. XIX, No. 109.— January, 1905. 

 6 



