304 Headden — Group of Radium-bearing Springs. 



The hydroden sulphide considered as wholly free equals 

 0*0471 gram per liter equal to 30'88 cc at 0° C. and 760 mm 

 pressure. The specific gravity at 15"5° was 1*00377. The 

 total solids = 3*3525 grams per liter. 



Deposits of various salts occur rather abundantly on the 

 face of the cliff ; these are for the most part easily soluble 

 salts, but some of them are more difficultly soluble. Gypsum 

 occurs occasionally but is not common. 



These salts might owe their formation to surface waters 

 finding their way through the strata to the face of the cliff. 

 The dip and character of the strata are such that if this be 

 the case the waters must come from considerable distances. 

 On the other hand, the waters saturating the strata might be 

 spring waters, in which case the incrustations ought to resem- 

 ble the deposits from the spring waters. These considerations 

 motived me to examine a few of these deposits and led to 

 some very interesting observations. 



An incrustation occurring on the face of the sandstone 

 stratum 150 to 200 feet east of the Drinking Spring and five 

 feet or more above the upper margin of the talus soil was 

 found to contain 2*50 per cent of sulphur with calcium, barium, 

 potassium, lithium and sodium. Though this sample was col- 

 lected 150 feet or more from the nearest observed spring and 

 from the face of a compact sandstone stratum under condi- 

 tions precluding accidental deposition, its qualitative composi- 

 tion is strongly suggestive of the matter held in solution by 

 the water of the Drinking Spring. The appearance of this 

 incrn station on the face of the sandstone fairly raises the 

 question of the source of these waters, i. e. are they waters 

 finding their way along and through the strata, or are they 

 forced into the strata from below? I am inclined to the view 

 that they come from greater depths, but the springs themselves 

 do not indicate a high pressure. 



Another sample collected 50 feet or more up on the face of 

 the cliff proved to be the mineral mirabilite. It was well 

 crystallized and was not associated with other minerals. It is 

 not at all rare to find this mineral deposited from some of our 

 alkali waters in crystals five or six inches long, but in this case 

 it probably came from the stratum of shale. 



Another deposit collected from the rocks at the base of the 

 cliff immediately back of the Black Spring had an entirely 

 different composition. It was this that led me to examine the 

 water designated as the Alum Spring. 



This deposit occurred associated with well defined crystals 

 of gypsum ; it was white, pasty, and astringent to the taste. 

 "When a coil of clean iron wire was brought into its aqueous 

 solution, hydrogen was set free quite rapidly. A solution of 



