364 Grinten — Projection of the Whole Earttis Surface. 



*%JP^ 



A minimum 2t» value coincides with our minimum 6 in a lati- 

 K tude, where we have to 



surmount the difficulty of 

 fairly representing the 

 most northern parts of the 

 continents of America 

 and Asia (# = 68° rot, 

 see table). 



Our circular representa- 

 tion can also be considered 

 as a transformation of the 

 two hemispheres into the 

 most natural planisphere, 

 the circumference of 

 which is equal to the cir- 

 cumferences of the two 

 hemispheres combined, so 

 that we always have the 

 superficial area of a globe 

 of half the diameter be- 

 fore our view. 



Fig. 5 will serve to 

 compare same with those 

 of Mercator and Moll- 

 weide, of which the latter 

 has recently been sup- 

 planted by the Aitoff- 

 Hammer u equivalent " 

 projection showing a little 

 improvement in regard to 

 the distortion of angle, 

 leaving it, however, use- 

 less for the representa- 

 tion of polar exploration 

 like that of Mercator's 

 Mo 1 1 we i de (80S "conformal" with the 



distortion in the opposite 



direction. Furthermore, Mercator's design was not intended 



for geographical, but merely for maritime purposes, the loxo- 



dromic line appearing as a straight line : 



" Nova et aucta orbis terrae descriptio ad usum navigantium 



emendate accomodata." 



