Orange County, N. Y. 211 



In the Transactions of the Vassar Bros. Inst., vol. ii, 1883— i, 

 p. 74, Professor W. B. D wight reviews at considerable length 

 the observations of Horton and Mather and gives an account 

 of a partial examination of the locality. He especially de- 

 scribes the small quarry to which I shall soon refer, but the 

 shaly limestone with its very varied fauna, and the fine expo- 

 sures in the railroad cut, besides others of lesser interest, are not 

 noted. He points out the succession of strata to be as fol- 

 lows : Oneida-Medina sandstones forming the eastern side of 

 the hill overlaid southward by red shales possibly of Clinton 

 age, and in the quarry, by the Tentaculite division of the 

 Water-Lime Group, the Lower Pentarnerus and probably the 

 Catskill shaly. The iron ore is stated to be entirely superficial 

 and derived from the red shale and limestone at their contact. 



In 1885, J. C. Smock, in the Keport of the Geological Sur- 

 vey of New Jersey for 1884 (p. 35) refers to the occurrence in 

 connection with the discussion of the Devonian age of the 

 Green-Pond Mountain Series. Later in the same year, Darton 

 reviews this last noted paper in the Scientific American Supt., 

 1877, and reference is made to this area. • 



In these several accounts and references, but little more than 

 a general statement of the prominent features are given and in 

 a more or less disconnected manner, with the exception of the 

 notice by Prof. Dwight. That such an insular area would 

 yield very interesting results, when examined in detail, ap- 

 peared very probable to the writer, and the following observa- 

 tion will, I trast, show that this opinion was well founded- 

 The hill composed of the formations under discussion rises ab- 

 ruptly from the meadows and drift plains on either side, to a 

 height of about 35 meters. Its length is nearly a kilometer 

 and a half and its greatest breadth 250 metres ; the trend is 

 N.KE.-S.S.W. parallel to the strike of its rocks. The 

 eastern face is steep, in places precipitous, and exhibits an 

 almost continuous outcrop of coarse red sandstones or conglom- 

 erates with occasional intercalated beds of red shale. Toward 

 the southern termination, a mass of drift lies against the eastern 

 side nearly to its crest, but conglomerate outcrops at a low 

 level near the end. 



The cementing material of these rocks is generally very 

 siliceous, the bedding heavy and irregular ; the principal con- 

 stituents are more or less finely comminuted massive quartz, 

 no pebbles holding fossils were found on careful search. The 

 thickness of the strata varies from 15 to 30 meters, decreasing 

 northward, and in the railroad cut shown on the map, the 

 following section is exposed, from east to west. 



