Geology and Mineralogy. 221 



analysis corresponded to the formula C 9 H ]6 8 for the anhydrous 

 body. Calculated with the water lost on drying in a vacuum 

 over sulphuric acid, the complete formula is C 9 H ]6 8 (H 2 0) 2 ^ or 

 C ]8 H 32 16 (H 2 0) B if doubled. These results leave no doubt that 

 this sugar is raffinose and therefore establish the presence of this 

 sugar in barley. — J. Chem. Soc, xlix, 70, Jan., 1866. g. p. b. 



7. Elements of Inorganic Chemistry ; by James H. Shepard. 

 377 pp. 8vo. Boston, 1885, (D. C. Heath and Co.)— This little 

 book is simple in method and style and aims to instruct the stu- 

 dent by leading him to verify the chemical principles by actual ex- 

 periment ; faithfully carried out with a judicious teacher it ought 

 to produce good results. 



8. Chemical Problems, by Dr. Karl Stammer ; translated from 

 the second German edition with explanations and answers, by W. 

 S. Hoskinson. Ill pp. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1885 (P. Blackiston, 

 Son & Co.)— The teacher who finds his ingenuity taxed to pro- 

 vide numerical problems for his class in chemistry will find assist- 

 ance in this collection. The problems are simple and are arranged 

 under the successive elements, twenty-seven of these being se- 

 lected ; the variety is not very great, and might perhaps have 

 been advantageously increased. 



II. Geology and Mlnekalogy. 



1. Bottom deposits from dredgings under the supervision of 

 Alexander Agassiz ; by the Coast Survey Steamer Blake, Lieut.- 

 Commander C. D. Sigsp.ee, U. S. 1ST., and Commander J. R. Bart- 

 lett, IT. S. N., commanding. Report on the specimens, by John 

 Murray. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. xii, No. 2, Oct., 1885. — 

 The following are some of the facts from this important paper. 

 To the results from the dredging of the " Blake," Mr. Murray, of 

 the Challenger Expedition, has added others by way of com- 

 parison from those of the "Challenger." 



(1.) Grtdf of Maine, and Atlantic border, southward to Cape 

 Hatteras. — The bottom deposits from the region between the 

 coast and the inner edge of the Gulf Stream, where the greatest 

 depths found were 1394 and 1186 fathoms (8364 and 7116 feet), are 

 chiefly continental debris, 80 to 85 per cent consisting of mineral 

 particles and clay — the former, quartz, feldspars, magnetite, horn- 

 blende, augite, mica, tourmaline, with occasional glauconitic 

 grains. In latitude 38° 34' N"., the "Challenger" dredged up, in 

 1240 fathoms (7440 feet), pebbles of quartz, common and felds- 

 pathic quartzytes, mica schist, serpentine and compact limestone, 

 none above 6 or 7 cm. in diameter. In 39° 43' 1ST., the "Blake" 

 brought up similar pebbles, but much larger and some of them 

 glaciated ; and in 41° 14' N., the depth 1340 fathoms (8040 feet), 

 the "Challenger" dredged similar rock fragments, with one block of 

 syenite weighing five hundred pounds. The region is within the 

 influence of the Labrador current and the material is " regarded 

 as chiefly ice-borne." 



