Chemistry and Physios. 65 



•crystals have a characteristic behavior. They split into fine fila- 

 ments, so that the mass in an approximately dry state resembles 

 cotton wool. On complete drying these crystals unite without 

 any change of composition to form a hard compact mass. Analy- 

 sis gave for the composition of this hydrate the formula (KOH) 2 

 (H 2 0) 5 . It begins to fuse at 50°, and loses over sulphuric acid 

 25-7 per cent water, reducing itself to KOH, H 2 0. A fragment 

 on water shows active rotation. — JBer. Berl. GJiem. Ges., xx, 

 1094, April, 1887. G. e. b. 



5. On the Sugar yielded by Hesperidin and Naringin. — Will 

 has compared together the products yielded by the glucosides 

 hesperidin and naringin, when they are boiled with dilute • sul- 

 phuric acid. After thus treating hesperidin, the hesperidin and 

 the sulphuric acid were removed and the solution evaporated to 

 a syrup. This was extracted with alcohol and fractionally pre- 

 cipitated with ether. From the later fractions, dissolved in 

 alcohol, fine clear brilliant crystals separated on evaporation 

 which were identified as isodulcite. They fused at 94°, rotated 

 to the right and were not fermentable. The mother liquors, how- 

 ever, contained still another sugar, and this a fermentable one. 

 Treating the syrup with phenyl-hydrogen hyclrochlorate and 

 sodium acetate, a mixture of the isodulcite compound and the 

 dextrose compound phenylglucosazone, separated in yellow nee- 

 dles! The two were easily separated by treatment with acetone 

 iu which the latter is insoluble. Naringin treated in the same 

 way gave also isodulcite and dextrose. — Ber. Berl. Cheni. Ges., 

 xx, 1186, April, 1887. G. F. B. 



6. On the Thermo-chemistry of Antimonous sulphide. — In a mem- 

 oir on the thermo-chemistry of antimonous sulphide, Berthelot 

 has studied (1) the thermic formation of orange antimonous sul- 

 phide; (2) the thermic formation of the chlorosulphide, together 

 with secondary products such as hydrogen sulphantimonite and 

 other sulphantimonites and hydrogen-antimonous chloride ; (3) 

 the thermic formation of the two antimonous sulphides, the one 

 black, crystalline, anhydrous, the other orange, amorphous, 

 hydrated ; and (4) the reciprocal actions between hydrogen 

 chloride, hydrogen sulphide and antimony salts, viewed in the 

 light of the earlier results. The following are his conclusions : 

 1st. Inverse actions are produced in cases where the sign of the 

 heat evolved in the reaction of the two bodies, such for example 

 as antimonous sulphide and hydrogen chloride, is changed by the 

 combination of one of them, either with a third body, such as 

 water, to form hydrates, or even with one of the products of the 

 reaction itself. 2d. The chemical action is not reversed suddenly, 

 but along a certain gradation of intermediate compounds, such 

 as hydrates, sulphdiydrates, chlorhydrates, oxychlorides, chloro- 

 sulphides, etc. ; compounds the proper heat of formation of which 

 is included in the phenomena and tends to complete the thermic 

 interval of the principal reactions. 3d. These secondary com- 

 pounds for the most part exist only in a state of partial dissocia- 



Am. Jour. Sci— Third Series, Vol. XXXIV, No. 199.— July, 1887. 

 5 



