J. D. Dana — History of the Changes vn Kilauea. 89 



5. 1864-1866. Observations and Map of Mr. William. T. 

 Brigham. — In 1864, Mr. Brigham visited Hawaii and began 

 the observations on its volcanoes reported in his memoir. The 

 accompanying copy (reduced) of the map made by him from 

 his survey in 1865, deserves special attention. The map con- 

 firms the statements, made from 1846 onward, as to the obliter- 

 ation of the lower pit. It shows the southwestern sulphur 

 banks of much diminished extent since 1840, from lava over- 



KILAUEA 

 WM. T. BRIGHAM I 



1865 J 



flows. Halema'uma'u has apparently its old position, or is 

 very near it. There are also, on the map, other lakes of small 

 size ; cones, two or three of which were of blow-hole origin, 

 and one, e, named the Cathedral, from its half a dozen turrets 

 (figured on p. 423 of the memoir) is that mentioned in 1862 

 by Mr. Coan (p. 88). 



The map shows also two long pieces (ef, ij\) of Lyman's 

 ridge of loose blocks of " compact broken lava," " concentric " 



