116 T. S. Hunt — Chemical Integration. 



We have also been so fortunate as to secure a sample of the 

 crocidolite from Orange River, South Africa, and have analyzed 

 it with the following results : 



Ratio. 



Si0 2 5211 -869 



FeO 16-51 -229) 



CaO .... 0-75 -022 V -298 



MgO 1-88 -047 ) 



Na 2 5-79 -093 



HoO 353 -196 



Fe 2 3 20-26 ]'26 



Total ..100-83 



This will be seen to agree very well with the formula suggested 

 for the Rhode Island crocidolite, except that there is an excess of 

 ferric oxide, amounting to about four per cent. This result is to 

 be expected, for the sample contained this oxide of iron in visible 

 form, coating the fibers with a brown crust, and so closely adher- 

 ing to them, as to make it quite impossible to obtain a sample for 

 analysis free from this impurity, though every pains was taken to 

 do so. 



Art. XIV. — Chemical Integration ; by T. Sterry Hunt. 

 [Read before the NationalAcademy of Sciences at Washington, April 19, 1887.] 



§ 1. The process of chemical union or combination has been de- 

 fined as interpenetration and as identification, by Kant and by 

 Hegel, and more recently, by the present writer, as integration ; 

 all changes in matter, as Herbert Spencer has well said, being 

 resolvable into integration and disintegration. This process 

 may take place either among unlike or like species, being in the 

 latter case a homogeneous integration, constituting w.iat is 

 called polymerization ; while depolymerization is a homogen- 

 eous disintegration. These two forms of the chemical process, 

 as was defined in 1853, are respectively metamorphoses by con- 

 densation and by expansion, and were by the writer then in- 

 cluded under the name of chemical metamorphosis. The rela- 

 tions of these homogeneous changes to heterogeneous integration 

 and heterogeneous disintegration, which give rise to species 

 differing in centesimal composition from the parents, and consti- 

 tute what was at the same time distinguished as chemical meta- 

 genesis — are obvious. 



§ 2. It was further shown that heterogeneous integration fol- 

 lowed by heterogeneous disintegration or dissociation, giving 

 rise to two species unlike the parents, constitutes what is called 

 double decomposition, and that a similar heterogeneous inte- 

 gration, followed by a homogeneous dissociation, is seen when 

 chlorine and hydrogen gases by their union give rise to chlor- 



