Geology and Mineralogy. 153 



Vogel and Reischauer, who found the same substance in the ex- 

 pressed juice, and gave to it the name nucine or juglon. Bernth- 

 son arid Semper have now examined this substance and have 

 ' proved it to be an «-hydroxy-«-naphthoquinone, C 10 H B (O 2 )"OH. 

 To complete the proof, these chemists have actually produced this 

 natural product by synthesis from naphthalene. For this purpose 

 they first prepared a^-dihydroxynaphthalene by Armstrong's 

 method, by allowing a solution of naphthalene in carbon disulphide 

 to drop into double the quantity of sulphuryl hydroxy-chloride. 

 The sodium naphthalene-disulphate thus obtained was converted 

 into dihydroxynaphthalene by fusion with potassium hydrate. 

 To produce the juglon, this substance was treated in the cold 

 with a chromic acid mixture. After twenty-four hours the brown 

 precipitate was filtered off, washed, dried and extracted with 

 ether. The ether was distilled off, the residue dissolved in chlo- 

 roform and crystallized. The well known brown-red needles of 

 juglon were obtained, having the odor of nutshells and producing 

 violent sneezing when the dust was inhaled. The synthetic and 

 the natural product were identical. — JBer. Berl. Chem. Ges., xx, 

 934, April, 1887. G. F. B. 



9. A neio basis for Chemistry : a Chemical Philosophy ; by 

 Thomas Sterry Hunt. 165 pp. 8vo. Boston, 1887 (S. E. 

 Cassino). — This volume contains a connected summary of the 

 author's views on chemical philosophy. The material is drawn 

 to a large extent from his earlier papers ranging from 1848 down 

 to the present time, but is here presented in systematic shape in 

 chapters dealing with the nature of the chemical process, the 

 genesis of the chemical elements, etc. Most of the papers referred 

 to were published in this Journal ; an article on chemical inte- 

 gration is given in this number. 



II. Geology and Minekalogy. 



1. Geology of Long Island. — Professor F. J. H. Merrill, in 

 his paper on the Geology of Long Island (Ann. N. Y. Acad., 

 iii, 341, 1886, with a map of the island and a plate of sections), 

 describes the general features of the island, the glacial drift, and 

 the stratified beds of gravel, sand and clays, Quaternary, Ter- 

 tiary or Cretaceous, which, excepting gneiss over a very small 

 area, are the only deposits in sight. The greatest height accord- 

 ing to the Coast Survey is 384 feet. In commencing his remarks 

 on the drift, Mr. Merrill says: "Upham and others, in speaking 

 of these ranges [the ranges of higher land, 100 to 384 in height] 

 have called them moraines. If the word moraine is to be thus 

 used" "it must be taken in a different sense from that accorded 

 to it in most regions of glacial action." " Throughout most of 

 Long Island " " the thickness of the drift marking the southern 

 limit of glacial extension is very slight, and in some cases it is 

 wanting ; in these cases the term moraine would be synonymous 

 with the southern limit of the continental glacier." The writer's 

 conclusion after examinations of the coast regions and the West 



