J. D. Dana — History of the Changes in Kilauea. 349 



Art. XXXVIII. — History of the Changes in the Mt. Loa 

 Craters ; by James D. Dana. (With Plates II, III, IV.) 

 Part I, Kilauea. 



[Continued from page 97, vol. xxxiv.] 

 Supplement. 



A journey 6i ten weeks (involving over ten thousand miles 

 of travel) has enabled me to carry out the purpose expressed 

 in my communication of August last. I have thus succeeded 

 in supplementing the work of that one day at Kilauea out of 

 five on Hawaii to which I was restricted in 1840, by one week 

 at Kilauea out of two on Hawaii, besides having one week for 

 the extinct crater of Haleakala and other parts of Maui, an 

 island not before visited, and two for the island of Oahu. 



The original objects of the trip were : (1), to examine the 

 great lava-lake of Kilauea, Halema'uma'u, in its existing state' 

 of moderate activity; (2), to re-examine the rocks and walls of 

 the crater; and (3), to compare the lines in the Wilkes map 

 with the present outline of the crater, in order especially to 

 remove doubts about the map before using it as a basis for his- 

 torical conclusions.* 



In this supplement I present such of the facts from my ob- 

 servations on the islands as belong to the history of Kilauea, 

 reserving the rest about the crater for the " Summary and Con- 

 clusions " which will follow in another number, and the obser- 

 vations elsewhere for a later number. I introduce also a few 

 facts from other sources. For the convenience of reference the 

 map of the Government Survey is here reproduced (Plate II). 



1. Fissure ejections of 1832 and 1868. — It is stated in early 

 parts of this paperf that in 1832, and again in 1868, lavas were 

 ejected through the depressed summit plain between Kilauea 

 and Kilauea-iki. My observations enable me to state that Mr. 

 Brigham's map, on page 89 of this volume, gives the position 

 of the outflow of 1832, and the map of the Government Survey, 

 Plate II, shows that of 1868. The lava of the latter stream has 

 still a lustrous surface and little vegetation upon it, while the 

 earlier has become weathered, and is much under shrubbery. 



* I owe much of my success in the carrying out of my plans at the islands 

 to Professor "W. D. Alexander. Surveyor General of the Islands, Rev. ffm, C. 

 Merritt, President of Oahu College, and Mr. J. S. Emerson, one of the assistants 

 of the Government Survey, and am greatly indebted also to many others for 

 kindnesses in various ways. 



f Vol. xxxiii, p. 445 and this vol. p. 92. 



Am. Jotje. Sci.— Third Series, Vol. XXXIV, No. 203.— Nov., 1887. 

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