404: Scientific Intelligence. 



their action in the production and alterations of minerals ; the 

 relation of subterranean waters to the constitution of the soil, and 

 to temperature ; and on geysers and their relations to volcanoes 

 and earthquakes. The work is rich in facts, and contains among 

 its many illustrations very fine copies of photographs, as the 

 " Cascade del Marmore " above Terni ; the " Cascades and Casca- 

 telles " of Tivoli, near Rome over travertine deposits ; the Bee- 

 hive Geyser, from one of the photographs of Hayden's exjDedi- 

 tion ; the source of the Fontaine de Vaucluse, in Southern France; 

 a landscape with calcareous incrustations at the source of the 

 Clouange in German Lorraine, etc.; also numerous wood cuts. 



The second of the two works has for its subject, as stated on 

 the title page, the part which the older waters have performed in 

 the origin and modification of the rock-material of the earth's 

 surface. The results of the author's investigations with regard 

 to the origin of minerals from subterranean waters and by means 

 of laboratory experiments, described at length in his former 

 invaluable work on Experimental Geology, are here brought for- 

 ward, along with others, in a general review of the agency of 

 subterranean waters in mineral-making and rock- alteration; the 

 special subjects being the agency of waters in connection with 

 the origin of the minerals of amygdules; of metalliferous de- 

 posits and veins; of concretions; of pseudomorphic and meta- 

 morphic changes, both as regards composition and structure (the 

 latter including schistosity); and of some of the deposits making 

 the stratified rocks of the globe, questioning whether all the salt 

 deposits of the rocks are of marine origin, and all the limestone 

 and dolomite of organic derivation. The view is sustained and 

 demonstrated that water has been concerned in nearly all the 

 vein-making, and the alterations that have gone forward, and is, 

 therefore, the " mineralisateur par excellence" of geological time. 

 The volume is handsomely illustrated, and contains many figures 

 from the author's former work. 



3. The Connecticut Lake of the Champlain period, north of 

 Holyohe. — Prof. B. K. Emersok thus describes the lake in the 

 Connecticut valley, made from the melting glacier in the vicinity 

 of Amherst, in a paper on Hampshire County, Mass. : 



"Upon the disappearance of the ice from this section of the val- 

 ley, the great volume of the waters of its melting sustained a lake, 

 which stretched in width to the full limits of the valley, as we 

 have give them, in length from Mt. Toby to the foot of Holyoke, 

 and sent a broad lobe out around Mt. Tom, across Easthampton 

 and Southampton, and on south. Its height was 300 feet above 

 the sea and 200 above low water of the present Connecticut. 



The Long Plain in Leverett, North Amherst station, the Bay 

 road, the south spur of Mount Warner, the Florence plain, and 

 West Farms, are level portions of its shore fiats. The first and 

 last two are great deltas sent out into its waters. In all its 

 deeper waters the fiat, laminated clays were being deposited, 

 while the sands of the deltas were extending- out from the shore. 



