82 J. I). Dana — Geological History of Maui. 



(2) The abrupt depression of Kipahulu, to the southeast of 

 the summit, surveyed but not geologically studied, which looks 

 as if it were the site of another great crater. 



(3) The slopes of eastern Maui, little gullied by erosion, but 

 most so on the side facing northeast — the windward side ; and 

 here the longest valleys scarcely reaching to the summit. 



(4) The mountain of west Maui, a volcano in ruins, being 

 profoundly cut up by valleys, and the original height reduced 

 to 5788 feet as the maximum. 



(5) The low intermont area of Maui, made of the united 

 bases of the two volcanoes, but covered for the most part by 

 the lava-flows of Haleakala, whose fires continued in action 

 long after the western volcano was turned over, dead, to the 

 dissecting elements ; the width from north to south at the nar- 

 rowest part, near the line reached by the lavas of Haleakala, 

 about six miles, and the height at the survey station near its 

 middle, 156 feet. 



From my use of the maps of the Hawaiian government sur- 

 vey through the preceding memoir, and my frequent refer- 

 ence to them for facts about the volcanoes, craters and lava- 

 flows, as well as the topography of the island, it has been appa- 

 rent that they have been a very prominent basis for the con- 

 clusions presented. The government map of Maui has still 

 greater geological importance ; for Prof. Alexander, the sur- 

 veyor-general, has made it, by his accurate work and his appre- 

 ciation of the importance of details, a contribution to science of 

 the' highest value and interest. What I have to say of the 

 extent, depth, form and discharge-ways of the great crater, of 

 the heights and positions of cinder cones, and of the erosion 

 of the mountains, should be put mainly to the credit of the 

 map, which was Prof. Alexander's work not only in superin- 

 tendence and geodetic measurement, but largely also in the 

 details of the survey. The survey of the island, which is still 

 in progress, reflects great credit on the Hawaiian people, and we 

 trust it may be continued until in all parts complete. Every 

 cone, or precipice, or fissure, terrace-level, or lava-stream located 

 is a contribution to the history of the island and to physical 

 and geological science.* 



* I am, moreover, personally indebted to Prof. Alexander's kind providings, guid- 

 ance and instructions for the success of my trip in 1887 (August i to 6) up Halea- 

 kala and into the crater, where a night was spent — an exceptionally brilliant night 

 after a day of clear views from the slopes and the summit; and also for my ex- 

 cursion up Wailuku valley on western Maui. 



I owed much also, while on the island, to the hospitality of Mr. Henry Baldwin 

 of Haiku, Mr. Edward M. Walsh and Rev. Thomas G-ulick of Paia, and Mr. Bailey 

 and Rev. Mr. Bissell of Wailuku. 



An excellent model of the island of Maui has been made by Prof. C. H. Hitch- 

 cock, who devoted much time to it during his recent visit to the Hawaiian Islands. 

 The government map was the chief source of data for the details. The verti- 



