J. D. Dana — Geological History of Maui. 85 



upward, as the heights of the cones prove, many hundreds of 

 feet — more than nine hundred to make the highest cone. 



The fresh-looking lavas, occurring about the base of the more 

 western of these cones, were found to continue eastward through- 

 out the crater, with little change of features and with the same 

 relation to the bases of the several cones, as if all were of one 

 epoch of eruption — the epoch of the last outbreak of Halea- 

 kala ; the lavas seemed to have come from the latest outflows of 

 several subordinate vents, after the crater had made its great 

 discharge through the two gateways down the mountains. 



This scoriaceous lava of the crater contained in many places 

 much augite and chrysolite in largish grains or crystals, be- 

 ing both augitophyric and chrysophyric. 



4. Lavas of the walls and summit. — The lava of the walls 

 was in part scoriaceous ; but, where examined on the south and 

 southwest sides, it was commonly a very compact, rather light 

 gray variety of basalt, like that of the projected blocks about 

 some of the cones. The layers of compact basalt had often one 

 or more parallel planes of fine or coarse vesiculation, sometimes 

 at intervals of one to three or four feet. 



At one locality on the ascent of the mountain the solid gray 

 rock had been found to be *a convenient stone for stone imple- 

 ments of various kinds, and a large manufacture had appa- 

 rently been carried on there ; and yet near by, the lavas that 

 were so solid had occasional planes of coarse vesiculation, each 

 one to three or more inches thick. Pendulum Peak, near the 

 summit, just north of the southwest corner of the crater (the 

 place of descent) consists largely of this compact light-gray 

 basalt, with rarely any vesiculation visible without the aid of a 

 pocket lens. 



This compact basalt or doleryte is a common rock also over 

 the lower slopes toward Paia. It appears thus to be to a large 

 extent the material of the older lavas ; yet not only of the 

 older. But at the summit on the west side, along the two miles 

 passed over before reaching the place of descent, the compact 

 variety of the basalt was rather the exception. There were large 

 areas of the same scoriaceous lava that covers the bottom of 

 the crater, and in some places it was equally augitophyric and 

 chrysophyric, the augite in well-defined crystals. One of these 

 areas was just north of Pendulum Peak ; and a large region on 

 the west border of the crater, looked as if successive streams of 

 lava had recently flowed one over another, piling up layer on 

 layer; so that by this means the surface for a breadth of a 

 mile or more westward from the summit line had derived its 

 unusual steepness of 15° to 16°. The lava-streams of the sur- 

 face had the appearance of being overflows from the crater ; as 

 if the great pit had been full to the brim before the outbreak 



