Geology and Mineralogy. 413 



radial fissures on which sporadic cones (" puys ") were thrown 

 up, after the great central volcanoes became extinct ; and this is 

 supported by the circumstance of the close analogies between 

 the materials erupted at this later period and the rocks which 

 constitute some of the undoubtedly post-Mesozoic dykes." Prof. 

 Judd, in this notice, also alludes to the fact that the volcanoes of 

 the Hawaiian Islands favor his views on this point. 



5. Nummulites up the Indus valley at a, height of 19, 000 feet. — 

 According to observations by T. D. La Fouche, of the Geologi- 

 cal survey of India, a Nummulitic limestone occurs in Zanskar at 

 a height of 1$*D00 feet. He found the rock on crossing the 

 Singhe la (Singala of the Survey Map), in the region where they 

 had been reported to exist by Dr. T. Thomson in 1852. He first 

 came upon them in loose blocks of a dark gray limestone at Lin- 

 shot, at a height of 12,850 feet, on the southern slopes of the 

 range, and followed them up the cliffs on the west of the pass. 

 He found the nummulites in situ "at an altitude of 18,500 feet, at 

 the base of two precipitously-scarped masses, rising 500 or 600 feet 

 higher and forming the summit of the peak." The rock, to the 

 top, " consisted of layers from a few inches to over a foot in thick- 

 ness of the same black fetid limestone that was found in the 

 talus below." The beds rest on quartzite, with shales below and 

 are much flexed. " It is thus proved that in middle Eocene times 

 the southern shore-line of the Tertiary sea (occupying what is 

 now the Indus valley) extended far south and included the 

 Singhe la." — Hec. G. Surv. India, xxi, 160, 1888. 



6. Sand-drift rock-sculpture. — R. D. Oldham states that many 

 examples of sand-drift sculpturing occur in India, in the desert 

 region between the Aravalis and the Indus. He remarks that 

 the sculpturing differs from that of glaciers in consisting of 

 numerous broad and shallow grooves, deepest at the end from 

 which the wind blows. The grooves on a conglomerate quartzyte 

 are an eighth of an inch wide and less, and cross pebbles and the 

 finer parts alike without interruption. On limestone, near Jes- 

 salmer, they are two to three yards long and four to six inches 

 broad. — Hec. G. Survey of India, xxi, 159, 1888. 



7. Catalogue of Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum. 

 Part I, containing part of the suborder Nautiloidea ; by Arthur 

 H. Foord, F.G.S. 344 pp. 8vo. London. — The author, besides 

 presenting lists of species with synonymy and full references, 

 gives descriptions with over 50 woodcuts, and has a valuable 

 introduction on classification and other genei-al topics in which 

 the views of Hyatt and others are mentioned. This museum 

 catalogue is consequently a convenient manual on the fossil 

 Nautiloicls. 



8. The Nature and Origin of Deposits of Phosphate of Lime ; 

 by R. A. F. Penrose, Jr., with introduction by Prof. N. S. 

 Shaler. Bulletin No. 46, United States Geological Survey, 

 Washington, D. C, 1889. The introduction to this memoir, by 

 Professor Shaler, gives a general sketch of the value of phos- 



