234 W. TIallock — Report of Observations at the 



It is well known that it is necessary to employ two or three 

 electrodynamometers to detect magnetic lag and changes of 

 phase in the subject of alternating currents of electricity. The 

 phasemeter shows changes of phase which I believe can not be 

 observed in any other way, and I think it will be of especial 

 use in the study of hysteresis. I am employing it at present 

 in the study of the propagation of magnetic disturbances 

 around rings and over straight bars of steel and iron, and have 

 obtained some interesting results which will form the subject 

 of a subsequent paper. The changes of phase which occur on 

 a ring of iron between two magnetizing bobbins with the same 

 or opposite poles, opposing each other and excited by alterna- 

 ting currents of high frequency, are of extremely interesting 

 character, and can as I have already remarked be clearly shown 

 to any audience. 

 Jefferson Physical Laboratory, Cambridge. 



Art. XXIX. — Preliminary Report of Observations at the 

 Deep Well, Wheeling, West Virginia; by William Hal- 

 lock. (Abstract.) 



The question as to the conditions which exist in the interior 

 of the earth has always attracted much attention. The most 

 important factor in the solution of this riddle is the determi- 

 nation or estimation of the temperatures there existing. The 

 British Association has for years, seized every opportunity to 

 obtain data as to the rate at which the temperature increases as 

 the earth crust is penetrated. The most recent and reliable 

 contributions on this subject are by Mr. E. Dunker of Halle, 

 Germany, and were obtained from a 4170 foot well at Speren- 

 berg not far from Berlin, and a 5740 foot well at Sckladabach 

 near Leipzig. 



These wells are both full of water, the circulation of which 

 vitiates results or renders elaborate apparatus indispensable, 

 and the thermometers must be protected from the pressure. 



The Wheeling deep well, sunk by the Wheeling Develop- 

 ment Company and by them generously dedicated to science, 

 is 4500 feet deep, 4-J inches diameter and dry / cased only to 

 1570 feet. The strata there are nearly in situ, undistorted 

 and dipping only 50 feet to the mile. More satisfactory geo- 

 logical conditions can scarcely be imagined. 



Being dry, ordinary IT. S. Signal Service maximum ther- 

 mometers were used and no especial precaution needed to be 

 taken to prevent circulation of the air. The thermometers 



